Unit Seven

Section A Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life

Teaching objective: to teach the students how to use some new words and phrases, typical sentence structures out of the text; to practice the students’ skill of translating and summarizing; and to get the students know how to relieve their stress in study and life.

Questions for discussion

1. Do you often experience stress in your study or everyday life?

2. How do you get rid of it?

Teaching process:

Step One: Warm up activity

Background information:

Benjamin (Ben) Franklin, a very famous American of the 1700’s best known for his experiments with electricity and nature using kites.

Step Two: Text analysis

1. Central topic: Centering around how to lighten your load and save your life, the passage analyzes the root of stress and provides the ways of reducing stress according to the study of Dr. Robert S. Eliot of Nebraska University.

Part I (Paras.1-7): The relation between stress and health discovered by Dr. Robert S. Eliot.

Part II (Paras. 8-11): The root of stress.

Part III (Paras. 12-20): The ways of lightening the load.

2. Major writing techniques

1) Quotation

2) Exemplification

3) Cause and effect

Step Three Words and Phrases

1. be overwhelmed with / by; overwhelming / irresistible / overpowering / devastating

2. out of control: beyond control / under control

3. among other things: to name a few

She’s very keen on sports: among other things, she plays tennis once a week.

4. excess: extra / additional; excessive: too much; exceed / surpass / excel / top

excess: amount that is more than necessary

Inflation results from an excess of demand over supply.

excessive / exceed / access

excel ( excellent ) / surpass / exceed / in excess of 超過(guò), 多于/ access

To excel in something is to be very good at it.

People excel in different things.

In international competitions, the Chinese excel in (at) table-tennis and badminton.

surpass vt 越過(guò)，超過(guò);凌駕 The task surpassed his skill.

The cost will not exceed $50. 費(fèi)用不會(huì)超過(guò)50美元。

The results of the competition exceeded our expectations. 比賽的結(jié)果比我們預(yù)料的好。

5. 1) attribute to = owe … to 歸因于，認(rèn)為是……的結(jié)果

The heavy snow attributed the delay of our school bus this morning. 因下雪而耽擱

David attributed his company's success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.

大衛(wèi)說(shuō)他們公司之所以獲得成功是由于全體員工的團(tuán)結(jié)和堅(jiān)持不懈努力工作的結(jié)果。

2) contribute vt. 貢獻(xiàn)出; 投(稿); 捐贈(zèng)(款項(xiàng)等)

contribute to the Red Cross 向紅十字會(huì)捐獻(xiàn)

contribute to a literary journal 向文學(xué)雜志投稿

Drink contributed to his ruin. 酗酒促使他毀滅。

They contributed food and clothing for the refugees. 他們向難民捐贈(zèng)食品和衣物。

3) distribute vt.分發(fā), 分配, 散布, 分類(lèi),

distribute books among the students 把書(shū)分給學(xué)生

distribute seeds over a field 在田間播種

4) tribute n.貢品, 禮物, 頌詞, 殷勤, 貢物;(與to連用)贊詞;頌詞;禮物

The doctor paid tribute to his nurses by praising their work. 醫(yī)生稱(chēng)贊護(hù)士們的工作。

pay a high tribute to sb.'s ability 高度稱(chēng)贊某人的能力

6. delegate: give to sb. for a certain time; delegation: n.代表團(tuán), 授權(quán), 委托

He delegate his responsibilities to his assistant when he goes on business.

The people delegate their power to the Congress. 人民授權(quán)予國(guó)會(huì)。

Many countries send delegates to the United States.

7. emphasis: give emphasis to / put emphasis on / attach importance to

8. recommend / suggest / advise / propose + doing; … + sb + to do; … + that + sb. should do

He is recommended for the award owing to his brave act of saving the drowning child.

9. substitute A for B = substitute B with A; replace A with/ by B

10. stimulate / simulate / inspire / generate / arouse

The beautiful view / scenery of countryside inspired him to write poems.

Zhang Jiajie is a world-famous scenic spot .

11. even-tempered: 性情平和的;mild-tempered; hot-/quick-/short-tempered: 脾氣急躁的;sweet-tempered; moody-tempered: 喜怒無(wú)常的;good-tempered; bad-/ill-tempered

12. troublesome: a ~ student; a ~ matter

quarrelsome: 好爭(zhēng)吵的;burdensome: 繁重的，負(fù)擔(dān)的;tiresome: boring; lonesome: 孤單的

13. deadline: the last possible date or time by which sth. must be done or finished

What's your deadline for finishing the book report?

The work was done two hours before Friday's 5 p. m. deadline.

front line / hotline / finish line / scratch line 起跑線 / underline / headline / outline

14. overwhelm vt.

He was overwhelmed with grief at the news of his son’s death in an accident.

聽(tīng)到兒子在事故中喪生的消息, 他悲痛欲絕。

They were overwhelmed by the enemy. 他們被敵軍擊敗了。

15. attribute vt.

They attributed their success to their teacher’s encouragement.

他們把成功歸因于老師的鼓勵(lì)。

1,150 deaths a year can be attributed to drunk driving. 每年有1,150人死于酒后駕駛。

16. exterior n..& a

He is a gentle man with a rough exterior. 他是一個(gè)外表粗魯?shù)郧闇睾偷哪腥恕?/p>

In some of the villages the exterior walls of the houses are painted pink.

有一些村莊的外墻刷成了粉紅色。

17. delegate v. &n.

Many nations send delegates to the United States. 許多國(guó)家向聯(lián)合國(guó)派駐代表。

He delegated his responsibilities to an assistant. 他委托一名助手代施其責(zé)。

18. …they have no compass in life. And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument,” … (Para. 10)

Meaning: These people have no way to know the right direction they should follow in life. And they get equally angry about a traffic jam and about a family quarrel.

“Compass” refers to a device used to find direction. In this sentence “compass” is used in its figurative sense.

19. recommend vt.

Can you recommend me a good hotel in the city? 你能給我介紹一家城里的好旅館嗎?

They recommend her for the job. 他們推薦她做這項(xiàng)工作。

a. If it is followed directly by a verb, the verb should be in the -ing form.

b. If it is followed by a “that-clause”, the verb in the “that-clause” should be used in its base form or used together with the modal auxiliary “should”.

20. substitute v&n.

He substituted for the worker who was ill. 他代替那個(gè)生病的工人。

Water isn’t a proper substitute for wine. 水不是酒的恰當(dāng)替代品。

21. cut down

Your article is too long. Please cut it down to 1,000 words.

你的文章太長(zhǎng)了，請(qǐng)壓縮至1,000個(gè)詞。

22. blow one’s top (L.31)

當(dāng)談話第三次被電話鈴打斷時(shí)，他大發(fā)雷霆。

He blew his top when the conversation was interrupted by telephone for the third time.

23. stir in one’s own juice (L.34)

他為自己的過(guò)失而受煎熬。He stirred in his own juice because of the mistake he made.

24. blow apart (L.37)

他是如此生氣以至于他覺(jué)得自己都要爆炸了。

He was so angry that he felt he was going to blow apart.

25. be on one’s trail (L.44)

在人生的路上行走時(shí)不要忘記時(shí)不時(shí)停下來(lái)看看風(fēng)景。

Remember to enjoy from time to time the view along when you are walking on your trail of life.

Step Four After-reading activity

1. Summarizing

Summarize the passage using the tips below.

1) frequent anger and overwhelming stress

2) take charge of your life

3) tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure

4) crazy heart rhythms

5) FUD factors—fear, uncertainty and doubt

6) the root of their stress

7) a feeling that everything must be perfect

8) a lack of compass in life

9) the NICE factors—new, interesting, challenging experiences

10) set your priorities in your life

11) flow rather than fight or flee

2. Work in groups and discuss the following questions with your group, using as many words and expressions you learned from the text as possible.

1) What do you need to do in order to avoid breaking your own heart?

2) For many people, what is the root of their stress?

3) How can you take charge of your life?

4) How can you decide what parts of your life you can control?

Section B and Section C

1. Reading skills

2. Ask the students to translate some difficult sentences.

Step Five Self Test:

Section A

1. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ______ majority are inactive. (CET-6, 97-1, 59題)

A) tremendous B) demanding C) intensive D) overwhelming

I was ______ by their kindness and moved to tears. (CET-6, 95-6, 54題)

A) preoccupied B) embarrassed C) overwhelmed D) counselled

2. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be ______ to tourist spending? (在職碩士, 1998-6, 28題)

A) contributed B) applied C) attributed D) attached

We ______ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work. (CET-6, 1991-6, 69題)

A) subject B) attribute C) owe D) refer

The car accident was ______ to the driver's violation of the traffic regulations. (CET-6, 1993-1, 53題)

A) assigned B) contributed C) attributed D) transferred

Experts ______ the present teaching situation to the examination-oriented education system. (教育碩士聯(lián)考, 2001-1, 12題)

A) attach B) appoint C) attribute D) admit

3. John's mindless exterior concealed a warm and kindhearted nature. (在職碩士,2000-6, 18題)

A) appearance B) personality C) outlook D) temper

4. John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must ______ the curiosity and creativity of children. (CET-4, 98-6, 50題)

A) seek B) stimulate C) shape D) secure

An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic. (碩士統(tǒng)考, 1999-1, 21題)

A) stimulate B) renovate C) arouse D) advocate

5. Strenuous efforts have been made to ______ government expenses to a desirable level. (碩士統(tǒng)考, 1988-1, 9題)

A) cut down v.砍倒, 勝過(guò), 削減, 刪節(jié) to cut down on smoking 減少抽煙

B) cut short v.打斷, 縮減(有時(shí)作cut shorter);突然打斷;突然中止

The chairman had to cut short the proceedings. 會(huì)議主席只得提早結(jié)束議程。

C) cut out v.切掉, 裁剪出, 取代, 停止 D) cut off v.切斷, 斷絕, 剝奪繼承權(quán)

6. When the whole area was ______ by the flood, the government sent food there by helicopter. (CET-3, 2000-1, 73題)

A) cut up 切碎, 殲滅, 使喪氣B) cut off C) cut away 切掉, 砍掉D) cut down 砍倒, 削減

7. Don't ______ while I'm talking. You can say what you want later. (在職碩士, 1999-6, 26題)

A) cut out 切掉, 裁剪出,停止 B) cut in 插嘴, 插入, 把...插進(jìn) C) cut off D) cut down

8. Jack was about to announce our plan but I______. (CET-6, 97-6, 55題)

A) put him through B) turned him out C) gave him up D) cut him short

Section B

9. He found the ______ media attention intolerable and decided to go abroad. (CET-4, 2005-1, 56題)

A) sufficient B) constant C) steady D) plenty

10. Over the past ten years, natural gas production has remained steady, but ______ has risen steadily. (CET-6, 2003-6, 70題)

A) dissipation B) disposal C) consumption D) expenditure

11. Faster progress can be made through cooperation than through ______ because the sides that are against each other often waste time and energy learning the same things. (CET-3, 1999-1, 53題)

A) match B) challenge C) competition D) race

12. He will______ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project. (CET-6, 1999-1, 64題)

A) doubtfully B) adequately C) presumably D) reasonably

13. It's usually the case that people seldom behave ______ in a way when in a furious state. (碩士統(tǒng)考, 1995-1, 40題)

A) stable B) rational C) legal D) credible

14. They were ______admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners. (CET-4, 2003-9, 68題)

A) denied B) declined C) deprived D) rejected

American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. (CET-4, 91-6, 58題)

A) ignored B) neglected C) refused D) denied

The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ______ in the area on the night of the fire. (CET-6, 96-1, 41題)

A) to be B) to have been C) having been D) be

Failure in a required subject may result in the ______ of a diploma. (CET-6, 2001-6, 45題)

A) refusal B) betrayal C) denial D) burial

He was ______ admittance to the theatre for not being properly dressed. (碩士統(tǒng)考, 1988-1, 12題)

A) denied B) rejected C) repelled D) deprived

Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ______ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature. (碩士統(tǒng)考, 1993-1, 22題)

A) deprives B) restricts C) rejects D) denies

15. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play ______ roles in raising children. (CET-4, 2002-1, 48題)

A) incapable　　　　　　B) indispensable　　C) insensible D) infinite

It is well known that knowledge is the ______ condition for expansion of mind. (碩士統(tǒng)考, 1994-1, 25題)

A) incompatible B) incredible C) indefinite D) indispensable

16. First published in 1927, the charts remain an ______ source for researchers. (CET-4, 2004-6, 48題)

A) identical B) indispensable C) intelligent D) inevitable

17. Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their ______ for world conquest. (CET-6, 2001-1, 33題)

A) admiration B) ambition C) administration D)orientation

18. This crop does not do well in soils _____ the one for which it has been specially developed. (CET-4, 99-1, 56題)

A) outside B) other than C) beyond D) rather than

Children in the United States are exposed to many influences ______ those of their families. (在職碩士, 1999-6, 30題)

A) rather than B) better than

C) more than D) other than

In no country _____ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. (CET-4, 99-6, 66題)

A) other than B) more than C) better than D) rather than

19. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style ______ in a personal one. (碩士統(tǒng)考, 1995-1, 7題)

A) rather than B) other than C) better than D) less than

Young adults ______ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs. (CET-4, 96-6, 40題)

A) other than B) more than C) less than D) rather than

Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ______ harm them. (CET-3, 1998-6, 54題)

A) better than B) more than C) other than D) rather than