犯罪類(lèi)真題

【Some?people?believe?that?there?should?be?fixed?punishments?for?each?type of?crime.?Others,?however,?argue?that?the?circumstances?of?an?individual crime,?and?the?motivation?for?committing?it,?should?always?be?taken?into account?when?deciding?on?the?punishment.?Discuss?both?these?views?and?give your?own?opinion.】

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On the other hand, taking the circumstances of a crime and its motivation into consideration is a prerequisite for establishing and ensuring justice and equity. A person killing in self-defense cannot be compared to a serial killer, moving from one victim to the next. In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishments for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and a maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties is Competition Law where a person being held liable of a crime under this law will be convicted to pay a fine, according to the harm caused by the violation and the profit gained by the violator through committing the crime. As for the exemptions, in some countries the law exempts thieves stealing food during a period of famine taking into consideration the distress and hunger. Also, a person killing in self-defense will be exempted from punishment.
另一方面，在量刑中考慮罪犯的處境及犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)則是建立以及保護(hù)司法公正的前提條件。 一個(gè)自衛(wèi)殺人的犯人不可能和一個(gè)連環(huán)殺手相提并論。在我看來(lái)，在兩種觀點(diǎn)中間找到一個(gè)折中的制衡點(diǎn)才是建立和保障司法公正的完美做法。 我們確實(shí)應(yīng)該對(duì)每種犯罪行為有固定的刑罰。但是，刑法對(duì)應(yīng)每種刑罰設(shè)定量刑的上下限以應(yīng)對(duì)各種不同的犯罪情況，而且還要為某些會(huì)出現(xiàn)的特殊赦免時(shí)間做好預(yù)備。 使用量刑上下限這種做法的一個(gè)例子就是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法。在此法中，如有人觸犯法律條文，法庭將根據(jù)他所造成的危害和他通過(guò)違反法律而獲得的利益來(lái)量定出他所需要交納的罰金。 至于赦免事件，一個(gè)例子就是當(dāng)人們?cè)陴嚮膭?dòng)亂中，其偷盜食物的行為就可能會(huì)得到赦免。 另外，一個(gè)人如果是出于自衛(wèi)而殺人，同樣可以免遭處罰。