Ⅱ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

不定式

形式

主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式

一般式to do to be done

完成式to have done to have been done

進(jìn)行式to be doing

完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing

完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作, 通常與主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生, 或是在它之后發(fā)生. 假如不定式所表示的動(dòng)作, 在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))之前發(fā)生, 就要用不定式的完成式。

I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).

(比較: I am glad to see you.)

He is said to have written a new book about workers.

He pretended not to have seen me.

進(jìn)行式: 如果主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生時(shí), 不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行, 這時(shí)要用不定式的進(jìn)行式。

You are not supposed to be working. You haven't quite recovered yet.

We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here.

He pretended to be listening attentively.

完成進(jìn)行式: 在謂語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 就要用不定式的完成進(jìn)行式.

The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.

We are happy to have been working with you.