托福寫(xiě)作應(yīng)該如何提高?作為一門(mén)國(guó)外類的考試的一部分,寫(xiě)作時(shí)候的用詞表達(dá)就非常重要。恰當(dāng)而富有特色的表達(dá)往往能夠增加詞匯的鮮活力。我們常常在看老外的文章時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),他們的一篇文章用,名詞出現(xiàn)的概率相當(dāng)?shù)母?。不僅如此,對(duì)名詞喜愛(ài)的程度更是到了把動(dòng)詞都要名詞化,而且經(jīng)常性的使用抽象名詞,因此在寫(xiě)作時(shí),如果能夠投其所好,自然能夠得到加分。

簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō),名詞化即是動(dòng)詞或形容詞被用作名詞的現(xiàn)象。比如動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞:discovery->discovery, move->movement, refuse->refusal,又比如形容詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞:careless->carelessness, difficult->difficulty, intense->intensity。那么什么情況下,我們需要進(jìn)行名詞化呢?

A.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)部分

原句:I do not know either what she meant or what he intends.

名詞化:I do not know either her meaning or his intentions.

B.結(jié)合被動(dòng)形式

原句:If people decide without enough persuasive information,...

名詞化:If a decision is made without enough persuasive information,...

C.取代諸如從句中“the fact that”的用法

原句:The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.

名詞化:My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.

更好的名詞化:a. When I denied his accusations, I impressed the jury.

b. In denying his accusations, I impressed the jury.

D.名詞化部分用在there is/are的后面

原句:We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.

名詞化:There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.

原句:The floods considerably eroded the land.

名詞化:There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods.

然而,有些時(shí)候,在我們的新托福寫(xiě)作方式中認(rèn)為理所應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“名詞化”時(shí),老外認(rèn)為是沒(méi)有必要的。比如:

A. 名詞化部分跟在動(dòng)詞后面

原句(名詞化“冗余”):The police conducted an investigation into the matter.

改后:The police investigated the matter.

B.名詞化部分作為主語(yǔ)

原句:Our discussion is concerned with a tax cut.

改后:We discussed a tax cut.

C.連續(xù)進(jìn)行名詞化

原句:a. First, she reviewed the evolution of the dorsal fin.

b. There was a first a review of the evolution of the dorsal fin.

改后:First, she reviewed how the dorsal fin evolved.

D.連接部分名詞化

原句:Their cessation of hostilities was because of their personnel losses.

改后:They ceased hostilities because they lost personnel.

原句:The instability of the motor housing did not preclude the completion of the field trials.

改后:Even though the motor housing was unstable, the research staff completed the field trials.

因?yàn)橹袊?guó)的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣是在組句中以動(dòng)詞為主,因此在新托福寫(xiě)作的過(guò)程中,如何轉(zhuǎn)到地道的表達(dá)對(duì)大家來(lái)說(shuō)可能是一件比較困難的一件事,不過(guò)任何事情只要做了,就有可能發(fā)生。相信同學(xué)們勤加苦練必然能有所收獲。