In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child's language development than mothers, a new study suggests.

Researchers __1__ 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-educated middle-class families, with married parents both living in the home.

When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, __2__ all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Development of Psychology.
The scientists measured the __3__ number of utterances (話語(yǔ)) of the parents, the number of diffe-rent words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other __4__ of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.

Finally, the researchers __5__ the children's speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother's level of education, the __6__ of child care and the number of different words the father used.

The researchers are __7__ why the father's speech, and not the mother's, had an effect.

"It's well __8__ that the mother's language does have an impact," said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had __9__ had a strong influence on their children's speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, "or it may be that mothers are __10__ in a way we didn't measure in the study."

[A] already
[B] analyzed
[C] aspects
[D] characters
[E] contributing
[F] describing
[G] established
[H] quality
[I] quoted
[J] recording
[K] recruited
[L] total
[M] unconscious
[N] unsure
[O] yet

答案解析:

1. 【答案】 ?K
【精析】 動(dòng)詞辨析題。這一句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)分別為Researchers和92 families,可見(jiàn)空格處必須是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,并且使用過(guò)去式。根據(jù)文章后半部分提到的這些家庭的狀況和研究情況,可以推斷出該句意為:從11個(gè)幼托中心 招募了92個(gè)家庭進(jìn)行研究,因此選擇recruited"征集,招募"。analyzed, established及quoted雖然也都是動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式,但analyzed是"分析"的意思,文章要描述的是對(duì)話語(yǔ)的分析,"分析家庭"在這里不符 合句意。established和quoted都不可以和family搭配使用。

2. 【答案】 J
【精析】 動(dòng)詞辨析題。句子主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整,此處需要?jiǎng)釉~現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨狀態(tài)。結(jié)合上半句所述,研究人員拍攝了孩子們?cè)诩依锱c父母自由玩耍時(shí)的情景,后一句 說(shuō)明了對(duì)孩子及父母的語(yǔ)言記錄情況,所以此處選擇recording"記錄"。contributing "貢獻(xiàn)",不可以和介詞of搭配;describing"描述", 在此與句子的語(yǔ)境不符合。

3 【答案】 L
【精析】 形容詞辨析題。此處需要形容詞修飾其后面的名詞number。此句描述了科學(xué)家們對(duì)這些語(yǔ)言數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,此處應(yīng)該使用一個(gè)和數(shù)字有關(guān)聯(lián)的形容 詞,total"全部的,總共的"符合句意。unconscious"失去知覺(jué)的,無(wú)意識(shí)的",不能用來(lái)修飾number一詞,可以排除。

4 【答案】 C
【精析】 名詞辨析題。此處需要名詞作句子的賓語(yǔ)。句子的謂語(yǔ)為measured,后面有幾個(gè)并列的名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ),表述的都是科學(xué)家們分析測(cè)量的不同方面的語(yǔ)言特 征,aspects有"方面"的意思,用在此處表示其他方面的語(yǔ)言特征,符合句意。characters"特征,特色",本句前半部分提及是對(duì)語(yǔ)言的不同 方面進(jìn)行測(cè)試,而不是測(cè)試語(yǔ)言特征。

5. 【答案】 B
【精析】 動(dòng)詞辨析題。句子缺少謂語(yǔ),因此空格處需要填入動(dòng)詞。句子后半部分提到語(yǔ)言測(cè)試,測(cè)試的目的從下文看來(lái)是為了進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,找出影響兒童語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的因素。根據(jù)句意,此處應(yīng)選擇動(dòng)詞analyzed"分析,解析"。

6. 【答案】 H
【精析】 名詞辨析題。此處缺少名詞作句子的賓語(yǔ),本句中有三個(gè)并列的名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ),用來(lái)表述測(cè)試中影響受試者獲得高分的預(yù)示性因素。在兒童教育方面,應(yīng)該是其質(zhì)量會(huì)對(duì)受試者具有影響,名詞quality"質(zhì)量"符合句意。

7. 【答案】 N
【精析】 形容詞辨析題。這是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,句子缺少形容詞作表語(yǔ)。從下一段中可以看出,本句表明研究人員并不了解為什么父親對(duì)孩子的語(yǔ)言影響巨大,此處應(yīng)該選形容詞unsure"不肯定的"。

8. 【答案】 G
【精析】 動(dòng)詞辨析題。本句使用的是It is...that句型,其中It作形式主語(yǔ),is后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式或形容詞作表語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的是真正的主語(yǔ)。這一句話強(qiáng)調(diào)了以上研究并沒(méi)有否認(rèn) 母親對(duì)孩子語(yǔ)言的影響,這是已經(jīng)得到確認(rèn)的研究結(jié)果。因此,選擇established"確定;證實(shí)"。這里established是動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式作形容 詞,意為"確定的,已制定的"。

9. 【答案】 A
【精析】 副詞辨析題。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,空格前有助動(dòng)詞had,空格后面有動(dòng)詞had。因此,此處缺少副詞,根據(jù)句意推斷此處應(yīng)選擇副詞already。副詞yet也有"已經(jīng)"的意思,但yet通常用在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中,表示"尚,仍然"。

10. 【答案】 E
【精析】 動(dòng)詞辨析題。這里缺少動(dòng)詞,從句中使用了be動(dòng)詞are,表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。前半句提到母親對(duì)孩子語(yǔ)言發(fā)展也確實(shí)具有影響,后 半句進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)想可能是在實(shí)驗(yàn)中并沒(méi)有測(cè)試到母親對(duì)孩子語(yǔ)言發(fā)展所起到的作用。動(dòng)詞contribute有"貢獻(xiàn)"的意思,因此應(yīng)該選擇 contributing。