HINTS Jarvis Bastian Bass Doris 稱呼不用縮寫
One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Bass and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier. So, how did he do it exactly? Well, first of all, he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish. Sounds terribly complicated. Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn't actually see each other. The levers and the light were set up in exactly the same way, except that this time, it was only Doris who could see the light, indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish, both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Bass whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light. So, did it work? Well, amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100 % success rate.
關(guān)于海豚的實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)中,最有趣的一個(gè)就是賈維斯·巴斯提恩博士所做的那個(gè)。他嘗試著教會(huì)一只叫做巴斯的公海豚和一只叫做朵瑞絲的母海豚透過(guò)一個(gè)封閉的障礙物互相交流。 具體他是怎樣做的呢? 首先,他將兩只海豚一起放在同一個(gè)水箱里并且教他們每當(dāng)看到光就推控制桿??刂茥U是嵌在水箱相鄰的面上。如果是光明暗交替閃了幾次,海豚被認(rèn)定為應(yīng)該推與右手邊控制桿相鄰的左手邊的那一根。如果光是持續(xù)的,海豚被認(rèn)定為應(yīng)該按照相反的規(guī)則去推另一根。每當(dāng)它們回答正確,就獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)給他們魚吃。 聽(tīng)力來(lái)非常復(fù)雜。 那只是第一步而已。在第二步中,巴斯提恩博士將兩只海豚分開投入不同的水箱當(dāng)中。使他們可以互相聽(tīng)到對(duì)方的聲音但不能確實(shí)地互相看見(jiàn)??刂茥U和光源完全按照第一步的布置。但是這一次,只有朵瑞斯能看見(jiàn)光,指示出先推哪一根控制桿。但如果想要獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們的魚,兩只海豚都得推正確的控制桿。這意味著,朵瑞斯要告訴巴斯那是閃光還是持續(xù)的光。 這奏效了嗎? 非常神奇,海豚100%地答對(duì)了。 ——譯文來(lái)自: zht1991aq