現(xiàn)有英語法律和合同條文的主句成分中的shall，在漢語中有很多種譯法。通常被譯成“須”、“應(yīng)”，有時(shí)被譯成“應(yīng)當(dāng)”，也有時(shí)譯成“要”、“將”、“可”，還有被譯成“必須”，甚至被完全忽略不譯的。試看以下各例。

1. The Chief justice of the Court of Final Appeal and the Chief Judge of the High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region. In addition to the procedure prescribed in Articles 88 and 89 of this law, the appointment and removal of judges of the Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be made by the Chief Executive with the endorsement of the Legislative Council of the Region and reported to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for the record.
香港特別行政區(qū)終審法院和高等法院的首席法官，應(yīng)由在外國無居留權(quán)的香港特別行政區(qū)永久性居民中的中國居民擔(dān)任。除本法第八十八條和第八十九條規(guī)定的程式外，香港特別行政區(qū)終審法院和高等法院首席法官的任命和免職，還須由行政長官征得立法會同意，并報(bào)全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會備案。（香港特別行政區(qū)基本法）

2．…the election or recall of chief procurators of people’s procuratorates shall be reported to the chief procurators of the people’s procuratorates at the next higher level for submission to the standing committees of the people’s congresses at the corresponding level for approval.
選出或罷免人民檢察長，須報(bào)上級人民檢察院檢察長提請?jiān)摷壢嗣翊泶髸?wù)委員會批準(zhǔn)。（憲法）

3．Shipment: The Date of the Bill of Lading shall be accepted as a conclusive evidence of the date of shipment.
付運(yùn)：提貨單的日期須被承認(rèn)為付運(yùn)日期的確實(shí)證據(jù)。

4．One who instigates others to commit a crime shall be punished according to the role he plays in the joint crime. One who instigates a person under the age of eighteen to commit a crime shall be given a heavier punishment.
教唆他人犯罪的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照他在共同犯罪中起的作用處罰。教唆不滿十八歲的人犯罪的，應(yīng)當(dāng)從重處罰。（刑法）

5．If the Buyers fail to notify and/or forward full details within the period specified above, the Buyers shall be deemed to have waived their right to assert any claim.
如果買方未能在上述規(guī)定的期間內(nèi)通知和（或）寄出完整的細(xì)節(jié)，那么買方將被認(rèn)為放棄提出任何索賠的權(quán)利。

6．In the event the Buyers’ such appointment does not arrive in time, the Sellers’ system of inspection shall be final and binding upon the parties concerned.
萬一買方對這種委托未能及時(shí)到達(dá)，賣方的檢查制度將是決定性的并對有關(guān)各方有約束力。

7．Quantity, unless otherwise arranged, shall be subject to a variation of 5% plus or minus at Seller’s option.
量：除非另作安排，量可由賣方選擇作加或減5%的變動。

8. …Such compensation shall correspond to the real value of the property concerned and shall be freely convertible and paid without undue delay.…
征用財(cái)產(chǎn)的補(bǔ)償應(yīng)相當(dāng)于該財(cái)產(chǎn)當(dāng)時(shí)的實(shí)際價(jià)值，可自由兌換，不得無故遲延支付。

9．The Purchaser shall, upon receipt of Corporation’s respective invoices therefor, pay to Corporation all amounts which become due by the Purchaser to the Corporation hereunder, including without limitation an amount equal to the taxes and duties.
收到公司的各種發(fā)票后，買方必須立刻付給公司已到期應(yīng)付的所有款項(xiàng)，包括各種稅收費(fèi)用在內(nèi)，不得有例外。

10．The contractor shall be entitled to use for the purpose of the works such supplies of electricity and water as may be available therefor on the site and shall pay the purchaser such as may be reasonable in the circumstances, and shall at his own expense provide any apparatus necessary for such use.
承包商有權(quán)利用工地上原有的供電供水進(jìn)行施工，但須向業(yè)主交納合理的水電費(fèi)，并要自己承擔(dān)用去安裝供電供水所需儀表。

11．The Board shall have such jurisdiction and powers as are conferred on it by this or any other Ordinance.
仲裁處具備本條例或任何其他條例授予仲裁處的司法管轄權(quán)及權(quán)利。

12．All Hong Kong residents shall be equal before the law.
香港居民在法律面前一律平等。

綜上所述：shall的譯法顯然五花八門，至少有八種之多。例1將shall譯成“應(yīng)”和“須”，例2、例3譯成“須”（或“須”被譯成shall）；例4將shall譯成“應(yīng)當(dāng)”；例5、例6譯成“將”；例7、例8譯成“可”和“應(yīng)”；例9則譯成“必須”；在例10中，其中一處不譯、另一處譯成“須”，后一處譯成“要”；而最后兩例，即例11、12，不譯，即在漢語文本里找不到對應(yīng)的譯文。