定語從句在聽力、閱讀和翻譯中經常出現，是需要重點把握的語法點之一。

在把握定語從句的時候大家要注意以下幾點：

1. 定語從句的作用主要是用來修飾先行詞；

2. 定語從句和主句之間需要有關系詞來進行連接；

3. 關系詞在從句中代替先行詞，并且充當一定的成分。根據關系詞在從句中成分的不同，關系詞是有所不同的。

例1：

Great changes have taken place in the?factory? ?where???we are working.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?先行詞? ??關系詞????由where引導的從句

在這個例句中，factory是先行詞，由where引導的定語從句來修飾；同時由where替代的這個先行詞在從句中作狀語。如果仍然不能分清結構，可以把句子拆分：

主句： Great changes have taken place in the?factory.

從句： We are working?in the factory.

關系詞如何選擇？可以分三步走：

第一步，首先確定先行詞；

第二步，然后確定它在定語從句中做什么成分；

第三步，之后可以進行具體分類。

1. 先行詞是人：如果在從句中做主語，關系詞用who；做賓語，用who 或whom；做定語,用whose

例2：

He is the person who/whom we are looking for.

2. 先行詞是物：在從句中做主語或賓語都用which；作定語用of which, 或whose；

例3：

This machine which I have looked after for years is still working perfectly.

注意：

1) 如果先行詞在從句中做狀語，表示時間、地點和原因，關系詞就要使用when，where和why. 如例1的情況就是先行詞在從句中充當地點狀語，因此用where.

2)?在限定性定語從句中，which, who, whom?都可以被that?取代。所以例2、例3中的關系詞也可以省略。

3) 非限制性定語從句通常標志，從句和主語之間用逗號隔開。

例4：

This is a critical problem in the company,?which?need to be solved immediately.

這個句子就是非限定性定語從句，在這種情況下，關系詞通常用which。

真題示例：

The prevention and treatment of AIDS is?_______(我們可以合作的領域) .

1.?已有謂語is,空白處一定是從句

2.?漢語意思已經是完整的一句話，因此，一定是定語從句，并確定先行詞：領域，the field?或a field,不用想，一般用which引導

3.?先行詞要提前，所以僅按順序譯“我們可以合作的”：we can cooperate

確定介詞，在……領域，用in,答案為：in the/a field which we can cooperate

實戰(zhàn)演練：

1. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.?
A. that????????????????? B. which??? C. as????? ????????????????? D. like

2. The pen ________ he is writing is mine.

A. with which ???B. in which ???C. on which????? ????D. with that

3. The engineer ________ my father works is about 50 years old.

A. to whom????? B. on whom ???C. with which ?? ?????D. with whom

4.?The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.

A. as??? ???????B. when??? ???C. until??? ?????? ?????D. before

5. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.??

A. that?????? ???B. while?????? C. which??????? ????D. when?

6. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.

A. that?? ??????????????? ???????B. what??? ??????????????? ???C. which??? ????? ?????D. as

7. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ________he could see________was going on inside house.

A. which; what ???B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that

8. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.

A. running; that??? B. run; who?　　????? C. running; who??? D. run; that

9. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________has a great effect on my life.?

A. that; which???? B. when; which?? ???? C. which; that???? D. when; who??

10. Can you lend me the dictionary ______ the other day??

A. about that you talked?????? B. what you talked?

C. which you talked???? ???????? D. that you talked about

答案及解析：

答案：1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. D. 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. D

【解析】

1. 當先行詞被same修飾時，定語從句由that或as引導，但意思不同。用that引導定語從句指同一物，而用as引導定語從句指同類事物。

2. A. with which是"介詞+關系代詞"結構, 常用來引導定語從句. with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen.

3. with whom引導定語從句。with whom放在從句中即為:my father works with the engineer.

4. 因為先行詞是the time，且在定語從句中作狀語，所以用when引導。此題的先行詞與定語從句被主句謂語分開了，要善于辨別。

5. 非限定性定語從句。先行詞為the exciting moment , 將先行詞放入從句為For the first time in the years their team won the world cup at the moment, 先行詞放入從句作時間狀語。 句中for the first time in years為強詞調結構。 答案為D。

6. 當定語從句的先行詞前有such, so, as等詞語時，由as引導，并且as在定語從句中作主語或賓語，as在此題中作dream of的賓語。注意：在表示“如此…以致…”的such /so…that…結構中，that不作任何句子成份。

7. through which引導定語從句，through which即through the hole,在定語從句中作狀語。What引導的是see的賓語從句，并作從句的主語。

8. 主語與run(延伸)是主動關系，所以用現在分詞。Those指街道，先行詞為物，所以不用who而用that來引導定語從句。

9.前一空定語從句的完整句為I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行詞在從句中作非主賓表成分，先行詞與時間相關。后一定語從句的完整句子在理解基礎上的意思轉換為The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those years。所以整句為先行詞，在從句中做主語。因此，答案為B。

10. 限定性定語從句。先行語the dictionary, 放入從句為you talked about the dictionary the other day. 先行詞短語結構在從句中作賓語，從句可用about which you talked the other day 或 which/ that/ 省略引導詞 you talked about the other day. 答案為D。

近期：滬江四六級將考后放出2012年12月英語四級答案及真題信息