托福寫(xiě)作中，絕不是詞匯就可以一統(tǒng)天下的，語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題也是高分必需要的一道難關(guān)，想要寫(xiě)出邏輯清晰，遣詞造句正確豐滿(mǎn)的高質(zhì)量托福作文，托福寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)法不可忽視。我們就從小小的冠詞開(kāi)始吧。你，用對(duì)了嗎？

一 基本規(guī)律 (Basic rules)

1. Indefinite article (不定冠詞)

我們用 "a , an " 當(dāng)我們不知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個(gè)：

* is one of many. ( 是許多個(gè)中的一個(gè))

He is an artist.(=there are many artists)

* is not unique. (不是唯一的)

I have just bought a book

* has not been mentioned before. (之前沒(méi)有提到過(guò))

There was a new student in class today.

2. Definite article (定冠詞)

我們用 " the " 當(dāng)我們知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個(gè)：

* is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的)

The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one)

I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case)

* has been mentioned before. (之前提到過(guò))

The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single.

* is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下來(lái)的短語(yǔ)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明)

What is the new student's name?

3. No articles (無(wú)冠詞)

我們不用冠詞當(dāng)我們普遍地提及事物的時(shí)候：

* using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí))

Do you like sport?

* with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的時(shí)候不用冠詞，但是地名有許多例外，下文一一介紹)

He is Professor Jones

4. Fixed phrases ( 固定短語(yǔ))

有許多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠詞，我們應(yīng)該來(lái)單獨(dú)學(xué)習(xí)，他們包括：

a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed

go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week

sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day

the same

二 經(jīng)常發(fā)生問(wèn)題的區(qū)域 (Areas that often cause problems)

1. Jobs (工作)

如果有許多人做這個(gè)工作我們用 a 或 an.：

My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects)

但是如果一個(gè)工作特別對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)人，我們就要用“the”了：

He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部長(zhǎng)). (=there is only one)

2. Superlative (最高級(jí))

我們使用“the”在形容詞最高級(jí)前面：

She is the best person for the job.

3. Last and next

有一些形容詞如 “l(fā)ast” 和 “next ”同時(shí)可以用也可以不用定冠詞“the”但是句意會(huì)發(fā)生變化

I saw James last night. (=the one before this one)

It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one)

I will see you next week.(=the one after this one)

4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital

和以上機(jī)構(gòu)連用時(shí)我們不用定冠詞“the”

My sister had to stay in hospital overnight.

然而，如果我們指的是這個(gè)建筑，我們就要用“the”

Our flat is opposite the hospital.

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