試驗(yàn)的目的一般在老師講課的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白中，信號(hào)詞test之后就是目的，即檢驗(yàn)或者驗(yàn)證某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或者現(xiàn)象。試驗(yàn)的對(duì)象和器材是我們關(guān)注的第二大方面，常見(jiàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象包括infant，children或者monkey之類(lèi)，試驗(yàn)的器材相對(duì)而言比較廣泛，具體情況具體對(duì)待。實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程是聽(tīng)力的重中之重，跟著老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)的步驟一步一步來(lái)，F(xiàn)irstly，and then， finally，同時(shí)記下關(guān)鍵的信息以及觀察到的現(xiàn)象。最后我們要關(guān)注的是實(shí)驗(yàn)的大結(jié)論，教授花這么大的力氣講實(shí)驗(yàn)不是逗你玩的，因此一定要聽(tīng)清楚最后這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是驗(yàn)證了還是推翻了之前的理論或者觀點(diǎn)？

下面我們以2009年2月14日的真題為例一起解讀一下教授的課堂內(nèi)容：

M：Now we believe that observational learning may take place when children watch other people’s performances. In 1961,Bandura conducted his famous Bobo doll experiment to test whether or not children would imitate adult models’behavior, say ,aggressive behavior or non-aggressive behavior.

Two groups of children were put separately into two playrooms, and two adult models were seated in each room containing a tinker toy and a Bobo doll. After a while, the aggressive model would attack the Bobo doll physically. Meanwhile, the non-aggressive model simply played with the tinker toys for the entire period. then, both children were taken into another playroom filled with highly entertaining toys and were left alone for 20 minutes. Judges watched each child from the window and recorded these children’s performance.

The result showed that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways. Bandura successfully supported his theory of observational learning in this experiment and came to the conclusion that children tend to think that the behavior they are observing is acceptable.

從教授的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白我們得知教授引用了Bandora的實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)闡述問(wèn)題，目的就是test whether or not children would imitate adult models' behavior， aggressive behavior or non-aggressive behavior。實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)象包括2組孩子，一個(gè)有攻擊性的成年人和一個(gè)沒(méi)有攻擊性的成年人，試驗(yàn)的工具包括一個(gè)玩具和一個(gè)娃娃。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟第一步"put 2 groups of children separately into 2 rooms, and two adult models were seated in each room containing a tinker toy and a bobo doll" ；實(shí)驗(yàn)第二步"aggressive model attack bobo doll, non-aggressive model play with the tinker toy"； 實(shí)驗(yàn)第三步 "then, both children were taken into another playing room"，"judges watched and recorded the children's performance" ；實(shí)驗(yàn)的現(xiàn)象"the children exposed to the aggressive model were more aggressive"；實(shí)驗(yàn)的大結(jié)論"Bandora successfully supported his theory"， "children tend to think that the behavior they are observing is acceptable"。

對(duì)我們所做的筆記進(jìn)行加工之后我們可以這樣概括教授的講課內(nèi)容：

In the lecture, the professor took Bandora's experiment to test whether or not children would imitate adults' behavior.
In the experiment, Bandora firstly divided the children into two groups. In group one, the aggressive model attacked the bobo doll; in group two, the non-aggressive model played with the tinker toy, and then he put the two groups of children into one entertaining room. The scholar found that the children who exposed to the aggressive model were more aggressive.

The professor concluded that Bandora's theory is correct. In another word, children are inclined to acquire knowledge through observational learning.

世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。再難的題總有應(yīng)對(duì)的辦法，只是你還沒(méi)有掌握合適的方法。托福口語(yǔ)遠(yuǎn)不如你想的那樣可怕，從戰(zhàn)略上我們要藐視它，因?yàn)樗_實(shí)只不過(guò)是選修課的難度；從戰(zhàn)術(shù)上我們要重視它，畢竟英語(yǔ)不是我們的母語(yǔ)。搞定托?？谡Z(yǔ)，聽(tīng)力能力和信息加工的能力是我們必不可少的戰(zhàn)略武器。??