? A? a[E,eI], an[En,An] art. 1.一(個,件,…) 2.任何…都3.每(一) 4.某,某一個:I haveIgot a ticket. 我有一張票。/ an awful noise 一種可怕的噪音 / A bird can fly. 鳥會飛。/ We often go to school two times a day. 我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。/ A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想見你?!咀⒁狻?.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞若泛指,其前需加 a / an,不要從漢語習(xí)慣出發(fā),漏掉此不定冠詞(高考短文改錯中??疾榇酥R點,許多同學(xué)在做書面表達(dá)時也常犯此錯),如不能說Mr. Smith is interesting interesting an.(需在 is后 加 an) 2.在序數(shù)詞之前使用a(an),可以表示數(shù)量或序數(shù)的增加:Do you want to readto it a third time? 你還想看第三次嗎? able[5eIbl] adj.能…的,有才能的,能干的,能夠的 She’s as clever and able as her sister. 她像她姐姐一樣聰明能干。【句型】be able to do sth 能做某事【說明】比較級和最高級可以是 abler 和 ablest 和或 more able, better able 和 most able,但不如前者常見?!颈嫖觥縝e able to 與 can的區(qū)別,見 can。about[E5baJt] prep.在附近,關(guān)于,在…周圍,忙于 adv.附近,大約,轉(zhuǎn)向,左右,周圍:She up and looked about her. 她坐了起來,環(huán)顧四周。/ I had no money about me. 我身邊沒有帶錢。/ She likes to walk about. 她喜愛四處走走。/ There were few people about. 附近幾乎無人。【句型】1. be about to do 即將,就要(不能與 tomorrow 等具體時間狀語連用) 2. How [What] about ... (你認(rèn)為)…怎么樣? 【辨析】about與on:前者指泛泛地或非正式地談?wù)撃呈?,后者指比較系統(tǒng)、深入地論述某事:It is a book on birds. 那是一本論及鳥類的書。(可能是一本學(xué)術(shù)著作) / It/ is a book about birds. 那是一本關(guān)于鳥的書。(可能是一本供小孩看的關(guān)于鳥類的故事書)above[E5bQv] prep.在…上方,過于,超出 adv. 在上面 adj. 上面的,上述的,上文的:We were flying above the clouds. 我們在云層上面飛行。/ Health isHealth above wealth. 健康勝過財富。/ He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出這樣的事來。他不至于做出這樣的事來?!颈嫖觥縜bove與over:over 表示垂直在上的正上方,above 則不一定表示正上方(即表示正上方時兩者均可用,不表示正上方時要用 above)。 abroad[E5brR:d] adv. 到(在)國外:He has gone abroad. 他出國了。/ He has just returned from abroad. 他剛從國外歸來?!居梅ā?.是副詞,不是形容詞,不置于名詞前作定語,但可置于名詞后作定語:one’s recent tourrecent abroad 某人最近的國外之行。2.是副詞,不是名詞,所以不說 go to abroad之類的。accept[Ek5sept] vt. 接受,承認(rèn):Much to my regret, I’m unable to accept your kindyourinvitation. 我不能接受你盛情的邀請, 非常遺憾?!颈嫖觥縜ccept 與receive:前者指主觀上接受,后者指客觀上收到:He received the gift, but he did not accept it. 他收到這件禮物,但沒有接受。accident[5AksIdEnt] n.[C]事故:She was injured badly in an accident during the work. 她在一次工傷事故中受了重傷?!径陶Z】by accident偶然,無意中according to[E5kR:dIN tu:] prep.按照,根據(jù):from each accordingeach to his ability, to each according to his needs 各盡所能,按需分配 / According to my watch it is 10 o’clock. 按我的表是10點鐘。. 【注意】1.不能用于第一人稱,即不能說according to me (us)。2.其后不能接view, opinion等表示觀點或看法的詞,要表示類似意思可改用in one’s opinion等。ache[eIk] n. [C]疼痛 vi. 痛;渴望:Her head ached all night. 她的頭整夜都疼。/ I am aching toaching join in the game. 我渴望參加比賽。achieve達(dá)到,取得 2.完成,實現(xiàn):He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望盡快達(dá)到所有目標(biāo)。. 他希望盡快達(dá)到所有目標(biāo)。across[E5krRs] prep.& adv. 穿過,在另一邊,在對面:We swam across the river. 我們游到河對岸。/ Across the street from the school is the library. 從學(xué)校穿過大街就是圖書館。. 【辨析】across與cross:前者為介詞或副詞,后者為動詞。act[Akt] n.[C]動作;舉動;節(jié)目;(戲劇的)幕;法案,法令 vt.扮演(角色):People praised his brave act. 人們贊揚他的勇敢行為。/ Think before you act! 三思而后行!/ Does the drug take long to act? 這藥要很久才能起作用嗎?【短語】act as 充當(dāng) / act for 代理,代表active[5AktIv] adj.積極的,活潑的,活躍的:She is very active. 她非常活躍。/ He isHean active member of the club. 他是俱樂部的積極分子。 actor[5AktE] 5AktEn.[C](男)演員:professional actor 專業(yè)演員
actress[5AktrIs] n.[C]<.女演員:an experienced actress有經(jīng)驗的女演員

? actual[5AktFJEl] ]adj. 實際的,真實的,現(xiàn)實的,目前的:I can not give the actual figures. 我不能舉出實際數(shù)字。/ What’s SPAN he actual price? 實價多少?add[Ad] vi.&vt. 加,增加,增進,補充說:“I felt sorry for her,” Bob added. “我為她感到惋惜,”鮑勃又說道?!径陶Z】add in 包括 / add to 增加 / add up 加起來 / add up to 加起來等于,總之就是…style="MARGIN: 0cm 5.25pt 0pt 15.8pt; TEXT-INDENT:address[E5dres] n. [C]住址,通迅處 vt.向…致辭,演說,寫姓名地址:What’s your home address? 你的家庭住址呢? / Write the address clearly. 地址請寫清楚。admire[Ed5maIE] vt. 欽佩,贊美,羨慕:I admire her for her bravery. 我欽佩她的勇氣?!咀⒁狻科浜蟛荒芙与p賓語,也不接that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。admit[Ed5mIt] vt. 接納,讓…進入,承認(rèn):He admitted that it was really his fault. 他承認(rèn)這確實得怪他?!居梅ā亢蠼觿釉~要用動名詞,不用不定式:She admitted having read the letter. 她承認(rèn)看過這封信。advance[Ed5vB:ns] vi.前進,進展 vt. 推進,促進,提升,提前,預(yù)付 n.[C,U]前進,進展,進步,提升,預(yù)付款:The general commanded his men to advance. 將軍命令他的士兵向前挺進?!径陶Z】in advance 在前頭,事先,提前 / in advance of 在…前面,比…進步,超過 / on the on advance (物價)在上漲 / advance on 朝…前進advantage[Ed5vB:ntIdV] n.[C,U]優(yōu)勢,長處,有利條件,利益:A better education gave us the advantage. 良好的教育使我們處于有利地位。/ The/ advantage of the idea was its simplicity. 這個主意的優(yōu)點就在于它簡單明了?!径陶Z】have [gain, get] the [an] advantage over [of] 勝過,優(yōu)于 / take advantage of 乘機利用,利用別人的弱點,占便宜 adventure[Ed5ventFE] n.[C,U]冒險,冒險活動,奇遇 v. 冒險,膽敢:Hev. lived for adventure. 他平生喜歡冒險。/ No man would adventure it. 沒有人敢冒險做這種事。沒有人敢冒險做這種事。【用法】表示抽象意義的“冒險”,不可數(shù);表示具體意義的“冒險的經(jīng)歷或事件”,則可數(shù)。advice[Ed5vaIs] n.[U]忠告,建議:Your advice was advice< a great help to me. 你的建議對我有很大的幫助。 / I don’t know who ask advice from. 我不知道該向誰討教?!居梅ā?.不可數(shù),不與不定冠詞或數(shù)詞連用,也不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如說a piece of adviceof, some advice,但不說an advice, some advices。2.表示征求意見,通常用ask (for) advice;表示聽從或接受某人的意見,通常用follow [take] one’s advice。advise[Ed5vaIz] vt.勸告,建議:Be advised! 接受意見吧! / They will advise you what to do. 他們將給你出主意怎么辦?!居梅ā?.其后接動詞作賓語,要用動名詞,不能用不定式,即說advise doing sth,不說 advise to do sth。2.表示建議某人做某事,要用 advise sb to do sth(此時的不定式作賓語補足語);若表示建議某人不要做某事,則用advise sb not to do sth 或 sthadvise sb against doing sth。3.后接 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,從句謂語要用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣:We advised he advisedr that she (should) wait. 我們勸她等。affair[E5fZE]n.[C]事件,事情,事務(wù),私事,戀愛事件:foreign affairs 外交事務(wù) / school affairs 校務(wù) / How are your affairs going? 你的情況怎么樣?afford[E5fR:d] vt. 買得起,經(jīng)受得住,承擔(dān)得起:I can’t afford to buy a car. 我買不起汽車。/ We can’t afford to pay such a price. 我們付不起這個價錢?!居梅ā?.常與can, could, be able to 連用。to2.其后可接名詞、代詞或不定式作賓語,若意思明確,可省略有關(guān)成分:afford to buy a car =afford a car 買得起小車 / afford/ the time for a holiday=afford a holiday 抽得出時間去度假afraid[E5freId] adj.(用作表語)害怕的,擔(dān)心的;恐怕:Don’t be afraid. 不用怕。/ He is afraid toafraid say that. 他不敢說那事。/ I was afraid of waking him. 我擔(dān)心會把他吵醒。/ 我擔(dān)心會把他吵醒。I’m afraid you’re wrong. 恐怕是你錯了?!颈容^】1. be afraid to do sth與be afraid of doing sth:前者指害怕(不敢)做某事,而后者有兩個意思,一是表示害怕做某事(此時可be afraid to afraid< do sth 互換),二是表示擔(dān)心會發(fā)生某情況(所擔(dān)心的情況不一定會發(fā)生,此時不能與 be afraid to do sth 互換)。2. I’m afraid not 與 I’m not afraid:前者為委婉的否定回答,意為“恐怕不…”;后者意為“我不怕”。Africa[5AfrIkE]n.非洲:Africa 非洲:is a continent. 非洲是個大陸。African[5AfrIkEn] adj.非洲的,非洲人的 n.[C]非洲人after[5B:ftE] prep.在…后面 conj.在…以后 adv.在后,后來:What did you do afterdoleaving school? 離開學(xué)校之后你干什么了? / I will tell them after you have left). 你走了之后我再告訴他們。/ We arrived soon after. 我們隨后就到了。
【辨析】1. after與behind:前者指位次的先后,后者指位置的前后。2. after與in:前者以過去時間為起點,通常連用過去時態(tài);而in 則以現(xiàn)在時間為起點,通常連用將來時態(tài)。但是,若表示在某一點時間之后,則只能用after(無論是現(xiàn)在還是過去):I’ll I’llleave here after 6 o’clock. 我6點后離開這兒。

? afternoon[5B:ftE7nu:n] n.[] C,U]下午,午后:He returned in the late afternoon. 他是在傍晚時分回來的。/ This afternoon will be cloudy, turning clear. 今天下午陰轉(zhuǎn)晴。again[E5geIn] adv.再一次,又,再:After the storm it became calm again. 暴風(fēng)雨過后,天氣又恢復(fù)平靜無風(fēng)。/ Look to itto that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再發(fā)生這種事?!径陶Z】again and again 再三地,反復(fù)地 / once again 再一次against[E5ge(I)nst] prep. 相反,反對,逆著,靠著,倚著:Are youAre or against it? 你是支持它還是反對它? / Drug taking is against the law. 吸毒是違法的。/ It is a great joy to battle against nature. 與大自然作斗爭,其樂無窮?!咀⒁狻縜gainst 是介詞,不是動詞,所以不能說 Do you against…之類的。age[eIdV] n.年齡,時代,(用復(fù)數(shù)表示)長時間:What is your age? 你年紀(jì)多大?/ She died indied 1936 at the age of 84. 她死于1936年,享年84歲。/ I haven’t seen him for ages. 我已好長時間沒有見到他了?!咀⒁狻坎灰礉h語習(xí)慣將“他年紀(jì)輕”說成He age is young. 可說成 He. is [E5gEJ] adv.以前:That was some twenty years ago. 那大約是20年前。/ We came a week ago, since when thew weather has been bad. 我們一星期前來到這里,從那時起天氣一直不好。agree[E5gri:] v.同意,贊成,答應(yīng):She to my idea. 她同意我的想法。/ I quite agree with what you say. 你所說的我很贊成。/ If you agree, so; if not, so. 如果你同意,就這樣;如果你不同意,也這樣?!颈容^】agree to do sth 同意做某事 / agree with sb 贊成某人的意見,與某人意見相同 / on (upon) 對…持相同觀點 / agree to 同意(某項計劃、建議、安排等)【注意】不要將漢語的“同意某人做某事”直譯為sb to do sth,可改說agree to let sb do sth等。agriculture[5AgrIkQltFE] n.[U]農(nóng)業(yè),農(nóng)藝,農(nóng)學(xué):United States Department of Agriculture 美國農(nóng)業(yè)部ahead[E5hed] adv.在前面,向前:Walk straight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河邊?!径陶Z】ahead of 在…之前;超過 / ahead of timeof [schedule] 提前 / Go ahead! 前進,有進展,繼續(xù)干下去【注意】ahead 是副詞,不是名詞,所以不能說 in theinahead, at the ahead等。aim[eIm] n.[U]瞄準(zhǔn),對準(zhǔn) [C]]目標(biāo) v.瞄準(zhǔn),對準(zhǔn),以…為目標(biāo):It is now our aim to set up a factory. 我們現(xiàn)在的目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)辦一座工廠。/ I aim to be a lawyer. 我要當(dāng)個律師。【用法】1.表示“瞄準(zhǔn)”時,不可數(shù),所以在 take aim at, take careful aim at 這類短語中沒有不定冠詞。2.表示“想做某事”或“以做某事為目標(biāo)”,動詞aim后可接不>2.表示“想做某事”或“以做某事為目標(biāo)”,動詞at doing sth,即aim to do sth=aim at doing sth。doing