獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí),可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句,但不再保留連詞。如:After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下課后,學(xué)生很快離開了課室。2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列兩種情況下,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being(或having been)不能省略。如:(1) 獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時(shí)。如:It being Sunday, we went to church.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?,我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。It being Sunday, we went to church.(2) 在There being+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因?yàn)闆]有公共汽車,所以我們不得不步行回家。3. 通常不用物主代詞或冠詞在“名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中,一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如: Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走進(jìn)了課室,手里拿著一本書。比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.4. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主編來了,我們開始開會(huì)。主編來了,我們開始開會(huì)。比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
  
獨(dú)立主格的進(jìn)態(tài)問題獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間或原因狀語時(shí),可用完成時(shí),表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語之前。如:The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.聽眾坐好后,音樂會(huì)開始了。
  
由于湯姆一再遲到,他的老板非常失望。