【雅思真題】劍6Test1聽力Section4解析
題目見劍橋雅思6,第一套試題,聽力部分Section 4。
SECTION 4真題解析
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
題型:表格填空,多項(xiàng)選擇
考查技能:聽出具體信息
場景:倫敦東部歷史的講座
場景背景介紹
本文介紹了倫敦東部的歷史,講述了公元1世紀(jì)被羅馬帝國侵占的倫敦,到中世紀(jì)時(shí)期被盎格魯-撒克遜人(現(xiàn)今德國、丹麥一帶)占領(lǐng),以至16世紀(jì)至今在當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)生的一切變化。2003年在英國出現(xiàn)過一部熱門電視劇East Enders,描述的就是這一地區(qū)普通居民的生活現(xiàn)狀。這一地區(qū)從歷史上就是普通工人階層的聚集地,生活質(zhì)量相對較差,所以在英國也是社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注。
本節(jié)必備詞匯、詞組
East End 倫敦東部 eventually adv.最終地
head v.朝……走去 economically adv.經(jīng)濟(jì)地
livestock n.家畜 alternative n.選擇
feed v.喂養(yǎng) marshland n.沼澤
invasion n.侵略 drained adj.已排水的
tribe n.部落 port n.港口
leather n.皮革,皮革制品 poverty n.貧困
conquer 征服,克服 suffer v.折磨
prosperous adj.繁榮的,興旺的 appalling adj.令人毛悚然的
restriction n.限制 sanitary adj.衛(wèi)生的
newcomer n.新來的人 tenant n.佃戶,房客
merchant n.商人 landlord n.房主,房東
money-lender n.借款人,債主 electricity n.電
dock n.船塢 implication n.含意,暗指
construct v.建造,建設(shè) nutrition n.營養(yǎng)
詞匯拓展
lifestyle n.生活方式 primarily adv.基本地,最初地
industry n.工業(yè),產(chǎn)業(yè) particular adj.特別的
cattle n.牲畜 retire v.退休
coastline n.海岸線 vital adj.致命的,重要的
downside n.劣勢,壞處 cultivate v.培養(yǎng)
afford v.負(fù)擔(dān)得起 nourishing adj.有營養(yǎng)的
文本及疑難解析
1. Back in the first to the fourth centuries AD, when the Romans controlled England, London grew into a town of 45,000 people, and what's now the East End—the area by the river Thames, and along the road heading north-east London to the coast—consisted of farmland with crops and livestock which helped to feed that population.
公元1世紀(jì)至公元4世紀(jì),當(dāng)羅馬帝國統(tǒng)治英格蘭時(shí),倫敦發(fā)展成了一個(gè)擁有4萬5千人的城鎮(zhèn),也就是現(xiàn)今的倫敦東區(qū)。倫敦東區(qū)位于泰晤士河附近,沿著倫敦東北走向的公路一直通向海岸,在這塊海岸上,耕種及畜牧業(yè)是當(dāng)時(shí)人民賴以為生的方式。
2. In the eleventh century, in 1066 to be precise, the Normans conquered England, and during the next few centuries London became one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in Europe.
在11世紀(jì),更確切地說,是在1066年,諾爾曼人侵占了英格蘭。在接下來的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)中,倫敦成為了歐洲最強(qiáng)大和最繁榮的城市之一。諾爾曼人指現(xiàn)今的法國人,1066年后,法國對英格蘭又進(jìn)行了上百年的統(tǒng)治,由此出現(xiàn)了“百年戰(zhàn)爭”以及英法之間至今都存在的敵對情緒。
3. The East End benefited from this, and because there were fewer restrictions there than in the city itself, plenty of newcomers settled there from abroad, bringing their skills as workers, merchants or money-lenders during the next few hundred years.
倫敦東部受益于此,而且當(dāng)?shù)氐南拗撇]有倫敦市內(nèi)多。許多人在接下來的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)中從國外來這里定居,有工人、商人或是放貸者。
4. In the seventeenth century, the East End was still a series of separate, semi-rural settlements.
在17世紀(jì),倫敦東部仍然是一塊偏僻的、半鄉(xiāng)村的移民居住地。
這里的separate可理解為“偏僻的”。semi-直接翻譯成中文為“半”,例如半脫脂牛奶是semi-skimmed milk。
5. There was a shortage of accommodation, so marshland was drained and built on to house the large numbers of people now living there.
那時(shí)住宿是一個(gè)巨大的問題,因此沼澤地被抽干用來建造房屋,為那里的很多人提供了住處。
此句中的house為動(dòng)詞,理解為“為……提供住處”。
6. Those who could afford to live in more pleasant surroundings move out, and the area became one where the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty,and suffered from appalling sanitary conditions.
那些能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起更好居住環(huán)境的人搬走了,這個(gè)地區(qū)成為了極貧困人群的居住地,并遭受著極嚴(yán)重的衛(wèi)生問題的折磨。
7. But the poor and needy were attracted by the possibility of work, and they had to be housed.
那些貧困的和生活艱難的人被這里的工作機(jī)會(huì)吸引過來,而且他們也需要有地方住。
8. It was the availability, rather than the condition, of the housing that was the major concern for tenants and landlords alike.
對房東及房客來說,最重要的問題是有沒有房子,而不是房子的條件如何。
9. Few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room.
那時(shí)很少有房子能用上電,因此也利用其他能源,例如人們用煤來點(diǎn)火,但那也只能為一個(gè)房間供暖。
題目解析
第31~37題為表格填空題。
解題的關(guān)鍵在于能否抓住核心詞以幫助定位答案。題目中所有的世紀(jì)(period)在原文中均有重現(xiàn),難點(diǎn)在于右邊一列的內(nèi)容是否能夠在原文中分辨清楚,這就要求考生能夠把握題干中的核心詞及其近義詞,并在聽的過程中做出快速反應(yīng)。
第38~40題為選擇題。
其中,第38題的overcrowding在原文中的表達(dá)為crowded;第39題選項(xiàng)中的heating一詞在原文中為heated perhaps just in the room。難點(diǎn)在于第40題,選項(xiàng)F的poor standard of living在原文中沒有同義詞體現(xiàn),但用排除法依然可以得出答案,因?yàn)榱硗鈳讉€(gè)選項(xiàng)在文中根本沒有涉及。