道爾頓的見解很簡單：在一切物質(zhì)的基部，都是極其微小而又不可還原的粒子。雖然原子微粒的概念，在希臘就有研究，但是道爾頓原子量的概念還是為化學(xué)和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展起到了奠基的作用~~~~
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annihilate
hydrogen
Dalton
There, in a short chapter of just five pages (out of the book's more than 900), people of learning first [-1-] atoms in something approaching their modern conception. Dalton's simple insight was that at the root of all matter are exceedingly tiny, irreducible particles. "[---2---]," he wrote.
Neither the idea of atoms nor the term itself was exactly new. Both had been developed by the ancient Greeks. [---3---] He knew, for instance, that hydrogen was the lightest element, so he gave it an atomic weight of one. [---4---] By such means was he able to arrive at the relative weights of the known elements. [---5---]—oxygen's atomic weight is actually 16, not seven—[---6---]
encountered We might as well attempt to introduce a new planet into the solar system or annihilate one already in existence, as to create or destroy a particle of hydrogen Dalton's contribution was to consider the relative sizes and characters of these atoms and how they fit together. He believed also that water consisted of seven parts of oxygen to one of hydrogen, and so he gave oxygen an atomic weight of seven. He wasn't always terribly accurate but the principle was sound and formed the basis for all of modern chemistry and much of the rest of modern science.
在該書只有5頁的短短的一章里（該書共有900多頁），學(xué)術(shù)界人士第一次接觸到了近乎現(xiàn)代概念的原子。道爾頓的見解很簡單：在一切物質(zhì)的基部，都是極其微小而又不可還原的粒子。"創(chuàng)造或毀滅一個氫粒子，也許就像向太陽系引進(jìn)一顆新的行星或毀滅一顆業(yè)已存在的行星那樣不可能。"他寫道。 　　無論是原子的概念，還是"原子"這個詞本身，都稱不上是新鮮事。二者都是古希臘人發(fā)明的。道爾頓的貢獻(xiàn)在于，他考慮了這些原子的相對大小和性質(zhì)，以及它們的結(jié)合方法。例如，他知道氫是最輕的元素，因此他給出的原子量是1。他還認(rèn)為水由七份氧和一份氫組成，因此他給氧的原子量是7。通過這種辦法，他就能得出已知元素的相對重量。他并不總是十分準(zhǔn)確--氧的原子量實(shí)際上是16，不是7，但這個原理是很合理的，成了整個現(xiàn)代化學(xué)以及許多其他科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。