跟著考官寫(xiě)作文——解析Cambridge IELTS8 Test1
由劍橋大學(xué)出版社出版的劍橋雅思真題系列書(shū)籍在考生備考中的重要作用早已不言而喻,而Cambridge IELTS 8的面市可以說(shuō)是眾多烤鴨們的又一大福音,她的重要性尤其能體現(xiàn)在寫(xiě)作單項(xiàng)上。因?yàn)闀?shū)中每套真題試題,都配有考官提供或是精挑細(xì)選的解答和參考。該書(shū)中一共給出4篇考官所寫(xiě)的Model Answer以及另外4篇不同分?jǐn)?shù)檔的考生范文Sample Answer。
當(dāng)然提到此,還是要提醒各位考生,在雅思寫(xiě)作備考中要盡快走出認(rèn)為只有考官的范文才值得欣賞和學(xué)習(xí)的誤區(qū);事實(shí)上,Sample Answer中的文章也是十分甚至是更適合考生仔細(xì)研讀的,因?yàn)閺闹锌梢晕≡S多常犯錯(cuò)誤的經(jīng)驗(yàn),并且通過(guò)考官的評(píng)語(yǔ),還可以十分直接地了解到考官對(duì)于文章的具體要求。也就是說(shuō)類似的文章考生更容易接受并且模仿。
可是對(duì)于考官自己所寫(xiě)的Model Answer, 考生們尤其是程度并不是特別好的學(xué)生,又該如何欣賞理解呢?我們?cè)诳纯脊俚臐M分作文時(shí)該如何吸收呢?應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)針對(duì)哪些方面呢?是盲目的通通接受還是也要學(xué)會(huì)斟酌地吸收呢?對(duì)于考生們平時(shí)所遇到的這些問(wèn)題,朗閣海外考試研究中心將具體挑出一篇來(lái)自Cambridge IELTS 8中的Test1 Writing Task2為例,一起來(lái)分析一下該如何更好地吸收Model Answer。
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 4o minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. (P31)
考生們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的訓(xùn)練準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中,一定要養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣,讀題時(shí)切勿片面或是想當(dāng)然地對(duì)待,而要仔細(xì)閱讀每個(gè)字眼,包括時(shí)間及字?jǐn)?shù),做到完全心里有數(shù)。比如說(shuō)題目最后提出的字?jǐn)?shù)要求為最少250字,而考官拿出的Model Answer中的字?jǐn)?shù)約為270字左右;當(dāng)然,這也是我們比較希望看到的作文字?jǐn)?shù),烤鴨們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的練習(xí)中就可以按照這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)準(zhǔn)備,因?yàn)橐晃兜叵Mㄟ^(guò)過(guò)長(zhǎng)的字?jǐn)?shù)來(lái)達(dá)到高分只會(huì)弄巧成拙,尤其是時(shí)間有限的情況下。那么除此之外,還有什么是考官范文所能提供給我們的呢?
如何有效安排結(jié)構(gòu)?考官如何處理?
仔細(xì)讀題時(shí),我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)此題是教育類大話題之下的題目,有關(guān)家長(zhǎng)還是學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)教育孩子的問(wèn)題;而且是要求討論雙方并給出自己觀點(diǎn)的提問(wèn)方式;而根據(jù)考官在劍橋系列書(shū)籍中所給出的范文分析,一般說(shuō)來(lái)此類Discuss both and give your own opinion的提問(wèn)共有3種回答方式:
1)若是自己觀點(diǎn)與正反方中某一方一致,則在段落安排時(shí)先討論不贊同的一方,進(jìn)行論述和反駁,后提出贊同一方的看法和理由,最后點(diǎn)明自己的觀點(diǎn);
2)若自己觀點(diǎn)是保持中立,也就是認(rèn)為雙方都有各自的道理可言,那么在主體段論證時(shí)只要分別幫雙方給出理由,最后提出自己的看法即可;
3)若自己觀點(diǎn)是完全不同于雙方中的任何一方,則在討論時(shí)對(duì)雙方看法闡述之后都分別加入反駁成分,最后亮出自己的看法。
考生可以自己牢記在心并且在欣賞考官范文之前,在草稿紙上進(jìn)行粗略的提綱安排,然后在研讀Model Answer時(shí)再與考官的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)照和比較,這樣比較能增強(qiáng)印象;我們也相信下次若是再遇見(jiàn)此類提問(wèn),考生定能快速解答出來(lái)。
而讀完考官范文之后,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)在此篇discuss文章中,考官的觀點(diǎn)十分明確;在開(kāi)頭段最后一句話提出This cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone. 并且在主體兩個(gè)篇幅相近的段落中分別論證了家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校雙方的角色,之后在結(jié)尾段中再次提出it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and able members of that society.
針對(duì)考官所給出的此題的解答方案,朗閣海外考試研究中心希望考生們?cè)诮窈笥龅筋愃频纳婕坝嘘P(guān)who should be responsible for sb. or sth.之時(shí),必須要十分明確不論怎樣的答案都是可取的,只要能做到言之有理,并不是考官的這個(gè)“雙方共同承擔(dān)”才是正確答案;但是考生們也需要了解的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是考官對(duì)于此題的回答正是此類題目的最佳也是最聰明的回答方式,尤其是對(duì)于語(yǔ)言實(shí)力并不是特別強(qiáng)的考生來(lái)說(shuō),這種回答方式可以輕松解決字?jǐn)?shù)負(fù)擔(dān),并且論證容易令人信服。
如何運(yùn)用寫(xiě)作技巧?考官如何安排?
一篇大作文一般都被分割成開(kāi)頭、主體及結(jié)尾三大部分,而不論是看似不重要的結(jié)尾還是難度較大的主體都有它們各自的應(yīng)對(duì)技巧和寫(xiě)法,也只有掌握了相關(guān)的技巧,才有可能更好地寫(xiě)出精彩的段落。那么此篇文章中,考官又是如何安排的呢?
開(kāi)頭段:好的開(kāi)頭是成功的一半
一般說(shuō)來(lái),一篇250字左右的文章,開(kāi)頭段字?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)該控制在50字左右才會(huì)比較適中,而考官在此篇文章里就亮出了38個(gè)字的開(kāi)頭;另外,開(kāi)頭段是為了呼應(yīng)考題,引出主體的一個(gè)承上啟下的部分,因此在寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭段落時(shí)考生切記要上下呼應(yīng);而與考題呼應(yīng)最好的方法就是加入背景介紹題中所提的話題內(nèi)容,甚至是單純的改寫(xiě)題目也可,如文中:A child’s education has never been about learning information and basic skills only. It has always included teaching the next generation how to be good members of society. 考官就是通過(guò)兩句話作為背景介紹,引出了題目中所提及的how to be good members部分的問(wèn)題。
此外,考官也在此段落中給出了表示自己觀點(diǎn)的部分:Therefore, this cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone. 這樣一來(lái),與題目中的parents還是schools形成了鮮明對(duì)照,并且也為全文下面段落的具體論證起到了總起的作用,使文章更有交代,更有凝聚力。
主體段:
作為discuss both的文章,主體段一般都是2段安排,而且不論兩段是相反還是互補(bǔ)關(guān)系,字?jǐn)?shù)篇幅都應(yīng)該相近才對(duì)??脊僭谥皶?shū)中有所提及——Cambridge IELTS5 Test3有關(guān)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作的題目中,考官最后給出的參考范文是得分為6分的學(xué)生作文,文章共分成4段,結(jié)尾段是闡述自己觀點(diǎn)和理由的段落,而中間兩段分別介紹雙方的看法,但是兩個(gè)段落明顯存在長(zhǎng)短詳略,所以考官給出的評(píng)語(yǔ)中有這么一句話:Although the answer considers the main issues in the question, it deals much more with the aspect of “competition” than it does with “cooperation”… 而在這篇文章里,考官也是將兩個(gè)主體段落安排成82及89的兩個(gè)段落。
In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their values. 考官首先點(diǎn)出不僅僅是要學(xué)習(xí),之后就根據(jù)第一方觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行討論,認(rèn)為家長(zhǎng)該在這一教育上發(fā)揮作用。Educating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always begins in the home and is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents. They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world.
However(利用轉(zhuǎn)折詞however來(lái)連接過(guò)渡到另一方觀點(diǎn)十分自然順暢), learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home. Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society. This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community.
主體兩段都提出雙方看法,但是值得注意的是考官并沒(méi)有按照常規(guī)使用some people和others來(lái)引出段落中心,而是直接進(jìn)行證明闡述了,因?yàn)榭脊僖呀?jīng)將主體段落與他自己的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了完全的融合,而不是獨(dú)立自己的觀點(diǎn)在外的,考生們可以學(xué)會(huì)使用和模仿。
結(jié)尾段:
But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill. It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and able members of that society. 正如普通結(jié)尾段落一樣,考官在安排時(shí)也是將自己觀點(diǎn)亮明,但是不同以往的是考官倒沒(méi)有更多地出現(xiàn)能直接表明自己觀點(diǎn)的字眼,如as far as I am concerned或是to my way of thinking, 但是即使沒(méi)有這些字眼,我們還是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)考官的觀點(diǎn);不過(guò)朗閣海外考試研究中心倒是建議各位考生能在寫(xiě)作時(shí)直接出現(xiàn)一些必要的連接詞或是插入語(yǔ),可以更好地幫助自己表明觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。
如何地道遣詞用句?考官如何準(zhǔn)確?
對(duì)于用詞用句的問(wèn)題,也許不少考生在閱讀考官范文時(shí)都已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)現(xiàn)象,也就是考官的文章并沒(méi)有我們想象中的那么難懂,難捉摸;相反的是非常清爽明了,也并不會(huì)常見(jiàn)一些特別有難度有深意的用詞和句式。所以,尤其是對(duì)于那些語(yǔ)言功底并不能完全過(guò)關(guān)的考生來(lái)說(shuō),在寫(xiě)作時(shí)千萬(wàn)不要盲目地死記硬背一些所謂的高分句子和單詞,然后不分青紅皂白地胡亂套用,認(rèn)為只有這些高級(jí)詞句才能對(duì)高分有幫助。事實(shí)上恰恰相反,若是語(yǔ)言功底不能快速提升的話,朗閣海外考試研究中心更推薦考生們學(xué)會(huì)使用一些有把握的句子,做到句子和用詞的準(zhǔn)確性更好,比一味的使用長(zhǎng)句但是錯(cuò)誤連篇要好的多。
總的說(shuō)來(lái),考官在這篇文章里告訴我們不少信息,那就是:觀點(diǎn)要明確,即使是討論型文章;論證要對(duì)應(yīng),要有說(shuō)服力;語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)明,要準(zhǔn)確地道??忌裟馨凑丈鲜鏊岬膸讉€(gè)方面,好好地分析考官所提供的各式范文,定能從中找到不少靈感,并在考場(chǎng)上有效發(fā)揮。
- 相關(guān)熱點(diǎn):
- 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)資料
- 英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力
- 出國(guó)留學(xué)
- 雅思寫(xiě)作技巧
- 考研條件