吉布斯是個很杰出的人物，但大多數(shù)人也許沒有聽說過。他行為檢束，很少拋頭露面。在耶魯大學的最初十年里，他連工資都懶得去領(lǐng)。他的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)太前衛(wèi)了，以至于每學期只有一名學生選他的課。1875-1878年期間，吉布斯寫出了一系列論文，編成了《論多相物質(zhì)的平衡》的集子。這本合集被稱為"熱力學原理"，但出于無法猜測的原因，吉布斯情愿將這些具有劃時代意義的見解發(fā)表在無名小報上，以至于很久以后普朗克才發(fā)現(xiàn)這一牛人（luckily，金子還是發(fā)光了）~~~

?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/

書本的朗讀語音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學著模仿哦~~~！！
因為原著為美國人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文，也不用寫序號。答完一空換行繼續(xù)下一空作答。文中需聽寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)下面的TIPS訓(xùn)練聽寫。這樣可以提高聽力準確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~

TIPS聽寫訓(xùn)練點：單詞拼寫，時態(tài)，單復(fù)數(shù)，連讀，長難句（請邊聽邊用符號先記下內(nèi)容，然后自己回頭組織語句，最后校對，不要逐字逐句聽寫）



Hints:
invisibility
three-block
Yale
New Haven
Connecticut
thermodynamics
Planck

Gibbs is perhaps the most brilliant person that most people have never heard of. [---1---] For his first ten years at Yale he didn't even bother to [-2-] a salary. ([---3---]) From 1871, when he joined the university as a professor, to his death in 1903, his courses attracted an average of slightly over one student a semester. [---4---] But buried among his arcane formulations were insights of the loftiest brilliance.

In 1875–78, Gibbs produced a series of papers, [-5-] titled On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, that dazzlingly elucidated the thermodynamic principles of, well, nearly everything—"gases, mixtures, surfaces, solids, phase changes . . . chemical reactions, electrochemical cells, sedimentation, and osmosis," to quote William H. Cropper. [---6---] Gibbs's Equilibrium has been called "the Principia of thermodynamics," but for reasons that [-7-] Gibbs chose to publish these landmark observations in the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, a journal that managed to be obscure even in Connecticut, [---8---]



Modest to the point of near invisibility, he passed virtually the whole of his life, apart from three years spent studying in Europe, within a three-block area bounded by his house and the Yale campus in New Haven, Connecticut. draw He had independent means. His written work was difficult to follow and employed a private form of notation that many found incomprehensible. collectively In essence what Gibbs did was show that thermodynamics didn't apply simply to heat and energy at the sort of large and noisy scale of the steam engine, but was also present and influential at the atomic level of chemical reactions. defy speculation which is why Planck did not hear of him until too late.
吉布斯是個很杰出的人物，但大多數(shù)人也許沒有聽說過。他行為檢束，很少拋頭露面。除了去歐洲搞了三年研究以外，他的一輩子差不多都是在一個三個街區(qū)的范圍之內(nèi)度過的：一邊是他的家，一邊是耶魯大學在康涅狄格州紐黑文的校園。在耶魯大學的最初十年里，他連工資都懶得去領(lǐng)。（他有另外的收入。）從1871年起，他成為該大學的一名教授，直到1903年去世。在此期間，每學期選他的課的學生平均只有一名。他寫的東西晦澀難懂，經(jīng)常使用自己發(fā)明的符號，許多人覺得簡直是天書。但是，在那些神秘的公式深處，隱藏著最英明、最深刻的見解。 　　1875-1878年期間，吉布斯寫出了一系列論文，編成了《論多相物質(zhì)的平衡》的集子。該書出色地闡述了近乎一切熱力學原理--用威廉?H.庫珀的話來說，包括"氣體、混合物、平面、固體、相移......化學反應(yīng)、電化電池、沉淀以及滲透"。歸根結(jié)底，吉布斯想要表明，熱力學不僅適用于蒸汽機這樣的龐大而又嘈雜的范圍里的熱量和能量，而且在化學反應(yīng)的原子層面上也同樣存在，而且影響很大。吉布斯的《平衡》一直被稱為"熱力學原理"，但出于無法猜測的原因，吉布斯情愿將這些具有劃時代意義的見解發(fā)表在《康涅狄格州藝術(shù)與科學院學報》上，那是一份即使在康涅狄格州也毫無名氣的雜志。這就是為什么普朗克直到很晚的時候才聽說他的名字的原因。