11.10 比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
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  1)過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。
 
  2)過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用,或無時(shí)間狀語。

一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語

共同的時(shí)間狀語: 
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,      till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時(shí)間狀語
 
  3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
  過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
 舉例:
  I saw this film yesterday.
  (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。)
  I have seen this film.
  (強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。) 
  Why did you get up so early?
 ?。◤?qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。)
  Who hasn't handed in his paper? 
 ?。◤?qiáng)調(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
  She has returned from Paris. 
   她已從巴黎回來了。
  She returned yesterday.
   她是昨天回來了。
  He has been in the League for three years.
  (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
  He has been a League member for three years.
  (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
  He joined the League three years ago. 
  ( 三年前入團(tuán),joined為短暫行為。)
  I have finished my homework now. 
 
  ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
  ---He's already been sent for. 
  句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過去時(shí)。
  (錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
  (對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.