萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史:PART II CH 7基本物質(zhì)（15）
來(lái)源：滬江聽(tīng)寫酷
2011-12-07 07:00
今天又要上化學(xué)課了，相信好多同學(xué)還知道我們以前學(xué)過(guò)的幾個(gè)化學(xué)元素符號(hào)吧？除此之外大家還可以知道那些化學(xué)元素名命名的由來(lái)~~~
?《萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
書本的朗讀語(yǔ)音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學(xué)著模仿哦~~~??！
因?yàn)樵鵀槊绹?guó)人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文，也不用寫序號(hào)。答完一空換行繼續(xù)下一空作答。文中需聽(tīng)寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請(qǐng)邊聽(tīng)寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)下面的TIPS訓(xùn)練聽(tīng)寫。這樣可以提高聽(tīng)力準(zhǔn)確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽(tīng)譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~
TIPS聽(tīng)寫訓(xùn)練點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫，時(shí)態(tài)，單復(fù)數(shù)，連讀，長(zhǎng)難句（請(qǐng)邊聽(tīng)邊用符號(hào)先記下內(nèi)容，然后自己回頭組織語(yǔ)句，最后校對(duì)，不要逐字逐句聽(tīng)寫）
Hints:
H2O2
hydrogen
peroxide
exalted
Because chemists for so long worked in [-1-] , conventions were slow to emerge. [---2---] C2H4 could [-3-] ethylene or marsh gas. There was hardly a molecule that was uniformly represented everywhere.
Scientists also used [-4-] symbols and abbreviations, often self-invented. Sweden's J. J. Berzelius brought a much-needed measure of order to matters by decreeing that the elements be abbreviated on the basis of their Greek or Latin names, [-5-] Fe (from the Latin ferrum ) and that for silver is Ag (from the Latin argentum ). [---6---](N for nitrogen, O for oxygen, H for hydrogen, and so on) reflects English's Latinate nature, not its [-7-] status. To indicate the number of atoms in a molecule, Berzelius [-8-] a superscript notation, as in H^2 O. [---9---]: H2O.
?《萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
書本的朗讀語(yǔ)音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學(xué)著模仿哦~~~??！
因?yàn)樵鵀槊绹?guó)人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文，也不用寫序號(hào)。答完一空換行繼續(xù)下一空作答。文中需聽(tīng)寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請(qǐng)邊聽(tīng)寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)下面的TIPS訓(xùn)練聽(tīng)寫。這樣可以提高聽(tīng)力準(zhǔn)確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽(tīng)譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~
TIPS聽(tīng)寫訓(xùn)練點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫，時(shí)態(tài)，單復(fù)數(shù)，連讀，長(zhǎng)難句（請(qǐng)邊聽(tīng)邊用符號(hào)先記下內(nèi)容，然后自己回頭組織語(yǔ)句，最后校對(duì)，不要逐字逐句聽(tīng)寫）
Hints:
H2O2
hydrogen
peroxide
exalted
Because chemists for so long worked in [-1-] , conventions were slow to emerge. [---2---] C2H4 could [-3-] ethylene or marsh gas. There was hardly a molecule that was uniformly represented everywhere.
Scientists also used [-4-] symbols and abbreviations, often self-invented. Sweden's J. J. Berzelius brought a much-needed measure of order to matters by decreeing that the elements be abbreviated on the basis of their Greek or Latin names, [-5-] Fe (from the Latin ferrum ) and that for silver is Ag (from the Latin argentum ). [---6---](N for nitrogen, O for oxygen, H for hydrogen, and so on) reflects English's Latinate nature, not its [-7-] status. To indicate the number of atoms in a molecule, Berzelius [-8-] a superscript notation, as in H^2 O. [---9---]: H2O.
isolation
Until well into the second half of the century, the formula H2O2 might mean water to one chemist but hydrogen peroxide to another.
signify
a bewildering variety of
which is why the abbreviation for iron is
That so many of the other abbreviations accord with their English names
exalted
employed
Later, for no special reason, the fashion became to render the number as subscript
由于化學(xué)家們長(zhǎng)期在隔絕的環(huán)境里工作，形成統(tǒng)一用語(yǔ)的速度很慢。直到19世紀(jì)末葉，H2O對(duì)一個(gè)化學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)意為水，對(duì)另一個(gè)化學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)意為過(guò)氧化氫。C2H4可以指乙烯，也可以指沼氣。幾乎沒(méi)有哪種分子符號(hào)在各地是統(tǒng)一的。
化學(xué)家們還使用各種令人困惑的符號(hào)和縮寫，常常是自己發(fā)明的。瑞典的J.J.伯采留斯發(fā)明了一種非常急需的排列方法，規(guī)定元素應(yīng)當(dāng)依照其希臘文或拉丁文名字加以縮寫。這就是為什么鐵的縮寫是Fe（源自拉丁文ferrum），銀的縮寫是Ag（源自拉丁文argentum）。許多別的縮寫與英文名字一致（氮是N，氧是O，氫是H等等），這反映了英語(yǔ)的拉丁語(yǔ)支性質(zhì)，并不是因?yàn)樗牡匚桓?。為了表示分子里的原子?shù)量，伯采留斯使用了一種上標(biāo)方法，如H^2 O。后來(lái)，也沒(méi)有特別的理由，大家流行把數(shù)字改為下標(biāo)，如H2O。
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