【TED】是一個(gè)會(huì)議的名稱,它是英文technology, entertainment, design三個(gè)單詞的首字母縮寫。TED是社會(huì)各界精英交流的盛會(huì),它鼓勵(lì)各種創(chuàng)新思想的展示、碰撞。
Martin Jacques
Martin Jacques is the author of "When China Rules the World," and a columnist for the Guardian and New Statesman. He was a co-founder of the think tank Demos.
三個(gè)基礎(chǔ)理解中國:文明國邦,而非民族國家;漢民族為主體;家長式的政府管理
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China
Chinese
Indonesia
Brazil
multiracial
Han
Uyghurs
Tibetans
Western state
Let me offer you another building block to try and understand China -- maybe not such a comfortable one. The Chinese have a very, very different conception of race to most other countries. Do you know, of the 1.3 billion Chinese, over 90 percent of them think they belong to the same race, the Han. Now this is completely different from the other world's most populous countries. India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil -- all of them are multiracial. The Chinese don't feel like that. China is only multiracial really at the margins. So the question is, why? Well the reason, I think, essentially is, again, back to the civilization state. A history of at least 2,000 years, a history of conquest, occupation, absorption, assimilation and so on, led to the process by which, over time, this notion of the Han emerged -- of course, nurtured by a growing and very powerful sense of cultural identity.
Now the great advantage of this historical experience has been that, without the Han, China could never have held together. The Han identity has been the cement which has held this country together. The great disadvantage of it is that the Han have a very weak conception of cultural difference. They really believe in their own superiority, and they are disrespectful of those who are not. Hence their attitude, for example, to the Uyghurs and to the Tibetans.
讓我來說另一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)理由 來試著了解中國 這或許是一個(gè)讓人不舒服的理由。 中國與其他大多數(shù)國家對(duì) 民族的概念 有非常,非常不同的理解。 大家知道, 13億中國人, 超過90%的中國人 認(rèn)為他們屬于同一個(gè)民族, 漢族。 目前這與 世界上其它人口眾多的國家截然相反。 印度,美國, 印度尼西亞,巴西, 他們都是多民族的。 中國人沒有感到過多民族。 中國僅是 在邊界線上有多種少數(shù)民族的人。 那問題是,為什么? 好吧,我認(rèn)為實(shí)質(zhì)上,原因 得再次追溯到這文明國家。 至少在2000年的歷史長河中, 征服,占領(lǐng), 合并,同化等的歷史 隨著時(shí)間的推移導(dǎo)致了 漢民族這概念的形成過程 當(dāng)然,這概念也孕育了 增強(qiáng)了漢文化認(rèn)同感 也使其變得非常強(qiáng)大,具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。
現(xiàn)在這歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的巨大優(yōu)勢 呈現(xiàn)出來,沒有漢民族, 中國永遠(yuǎn)不可能連為一體。 漢民族文化認(rèn)同一直 把這個(gè)國家粘合在一起。 它的巨大的劣勢 是漢民族對(duì)文化差異 有很少的認(rèn)知概念。 他們真正相信 他們自身漢族文化的優(yōu)越性, 他們不尊重 那些不同民族的差異性。 因此, 舉個(gè)例子,比如他們對(duì)待 回族和藏族的態(tài)度。