2011年12月英語四級六級沖刺:如何應對作文詞匯量不足
四六級考試大綱中明確規(guī)定字數(shù)不足應酌情扣分(見下表)。作文達到規(guī)定的字數(shù)是最基本的,因為字數(shù)能很直觀的看出來,是得分的一個硬性規(guī)定。但很多考生往往在這一點上丟分,只因單詞量不足,難以達到規(guī)定的字數(shù)。在這一點上丟分比較可惜,那如何應對這種情況呢?
累計字數(shù) |
CET-4 |
110-119 |
100-109 |
90-99 |
80-89 |
70-79 |
60-69 |
50-59 |
<49 |
CET-6 |
140-149 |
130-139 |
120-129 |
110-119 |
100-109 |
90-99 |
80-89 |
<79 |
|
扣分 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
9 |
1. 使用籠統(tǒng)詞
英語語言中籠統(tǒng)詞有have, take, go, turn, make, think 等,籠統(tǒng)詞的重要特點在于意義廣泛,搭配性強,構(gòu)成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動詞。雖然不能精確表達一個動作,卻能大致表達意思。在一些具體動詞寫不出來的時候,用這些籠統(tǒng)詞取代,也能收到異曲同工的效果。例如:那舊沙發(fā)該扔掉了。
The old sofa will have to discard.= The old sofa will have to go.
這一句中,如果想不起來discard,就用go代替,即The old sofa will have to go. Go的使用讓句子更為生動了,discard意為“扔掉,廢棄”,而go的本意是表明人的來去,用到此處the old sofa也有了生命,生動了起來。四六級作文中,在詞匯量不足或是單詞不會寫的時候,適當使用這些詞匯,可以讓句子表達完整。下面我們一起學習一下這些詞匯。
have: I experienced a terrible day. = He had a bad day.
take: I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
make: What time do you calculate it? = What time do you make it?
think:I suppose you like your job. = I think you like your job.
具體詞匯固然能準確表達句子意思,有加分的可能,但是因這類詞不常用,很多考生不容易想起。在這種情況下,不妨用一些籠統(tǒng)詞匯來代替,句子雖平實,但不失為一種應急良策。
2. 巧用近義詞或反義詞
寫漢語作文時,我們都遇到過這樣的情景,某個詞忘記了如何寫。當這種情況出現(xiàn)的時候,你會怎么辦?找其他詞替換不失為一種選擇。而我們所能想到的詞,基本分為兩類,一是近義詞,一是反義詞。這種方法同樣適用于英語作文的寫作。
I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night.
Nightmare 使用頻率不太高,因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記。以后者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義。
I can’t endure. = I can’t stand.
He witnessed the accident. = He saw the accident.
I have attempted to earn my living,:mechanic, carpenter, writer. = I have tried to earn my living,:mechanic, carpenter, writer.
Actually, I have forgot who he was.= In fact, I have forgot who he was.
The crucial point is whether we should go ahead with the project. = The important point is whether we should go ahead with the project.
"It was an enormous culture shock, " She says. = “It was a big culture shock. “ She says.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的,詞與詞之間語義的“共核”現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣,用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的,請看下面的例子:
He is?stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is?blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet.
3. 使用解釋性語句
語言的表達方式不局限于一種,而是多種多樣的。當一個詞影響到溝通,可以用解釋性的語句來表達。如:
I don‘t capture the meaning of his words. = I don’t know what he said.
Caputre對某些考生來說可能存在難度,這時我們不妨用一種通俗簡單的方式表達,即用后一句話來表達前一句話的意思。這種情況可以廣泛用到英語的表達中。下面的例句可以給考生提供一些思路:
He refused. = He said “no”.
Surfing the Internet has become a prevailing phenomenon. = Suring the Internet has become a phenomenon that can be seen everywhere.
People’s view varies from pereson to person.= Different people have different ideas.
在有限的時間內(nèi)寫出一篇從文章構(gòu)思到遣詞造句都很好的文章是很困難的。在這種情況下,考生要有清晰的做題思路。四六級作文的評分標準一般側(cè)重于能清楚地表達意義,段落,層次有系統(tǒng)性,語法正確,而并不過分強調(diào)用詞的精確度。因此,考生沒必要花太多時間和精力斟酌詞句,而是致力于文章的清晰明確的表達上,即用簡單的詞句表達出清晰的文章內(nèi)容。