R.E.A.D to Develop Baby-Toddler Reading and Writing Brains
嬰幼兒讀寫能力發(fā)展的READ四原則

The acronym R.E.A.D sums up four easy-to-remember actions for parents to take when teaching babies and toddlers to read: repetition, enthusiasm, attention, and drawing. Adding appropriate soft-ware driven technology to these time-tested behaviors leads to happy early readers.
重復(fù)、熱情、注意力和畫畫,嬰幼兒閱讀能力教育簡單易記的四個步驟正好可以將首字母縮寫成“閱讀”(READ)。這些經(jīng)過時間考驗(yàn)的步驟,佐以合適的軟件技術(shù),將會使您的孩子成為快樂地早期讀者。

Repetition. Repeated readings of favorite books are a hallmark of early reading success. Long after you are exhausted reading favorite books, your baby or toddler will thrill in reading them over and over again. According to parents who are successful, a few favorite, short, easy, happy books might have been read two or three hundred times in the first three years of life.
重復(fù)。重復(fù)閱讀喜愛的書籍是早期閱讀教育成功的標(biāo)志。不過,可能要在你早就厭煩讀這些書很久之后,你的孩子才會很激動地反復(fù)多次地閱讀。根據(jù)成功父母的經(jīng)驗(yàn),在孩子三歲之前,差不多有讀過兩三百次他們最喜歡的那些短小簡單又快樂的書。

Babies love repetition, which initially encourages them to mimic your voice and babble sounds and mimic words. Other language-learning skills come into play such as new understandings of vocabulary and grammar. Over time, this mimicking behavior turns into higher-order concepts and understandings about the content of the books being read and eventually memory reading.
嬰兒喜歡重復(fù),首先可以鼓勵他們模仿你的聲音,讓他們含糊不清地牙牙學(xué)語,模仿單詞。其他語言學(xué)習(xí)技能如對單詞和語法的全新理解也開始起作用。隨著時間增長,這種模仿行為會形成對書中內(nèi)容高層次的概念和理解,最后他們會開始記憶你閱讀的內(nèi)容。

Most importantly, the repeated readings are a time for interaction with the parent or caregiver, hands-on experience associating printed and spoken language, and physical contact–so important for babies and toddlers. Babies learn to anticipate what's coming next in a story or behind a flap in a lift-the-flap book. If you cuddle and share happy books with feeling, your baby associates positive feelings with reading.
最重要的是,這種重復(fù)性閱讀對于嬰幼兒來說,是一次交流感應(yīng)的過程:與父母或看護(hù)人的交流,將書面語言與口頭語言結(jié)合的親身實(shí)踐的經(jīng)歷,還有對他們很重要的身體接觸。嬰兒會學(xué)會去期待故事后文的發(fā)展,或者想看看翻翻書的插頁后面藏著些什么(小編注:翻翻書是兒童認(rèn)知圖畫書,每一頁上都藏了一些小插頁,翻開可以看到里面還有有趣的畫和文字)。如果你抱著他/她,和他/她分享書中的快樂,寶寶會將閱讀與積極的情緒聯(lián)系在一起。

I'm finding that many parents are having success with soft-ware driven word games to complement book reading. In only about five minutes a day, these games with the baby or toddler in the parent's lap in front of the computer are much more thrilling than traditional static word cards adding customization, sound, and animation to repeated exposure of important words in baby's world. My nose, Mom's hair, Dad's foot, and sound, pictures, and animation of other babies introducing the word clap can rock baby's world! Babies love the repetition, anticipation of what's coming next, but most of all they love your attention, the physical contact and bonding. Computer word games are a great activity for the fathers and grandfathers who often say they don't know what to do with 8- to 12-month olds.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多的家長已經(jīng)成功使用文字游戲軟件來為書籍閱讀加以補(bǔ)充。每天只用花5分鐘左右,抱著寶寶坐在電腦前玩這些文字游戲,會比傳統(tǒng)靜止的文字卡片有趣得多,為這些重要單詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在寶寶世界時增加了個性化、聲音和動畫。我的“鼻子”,媽媽的“頭發(fā)”,爸爸的“腳”,還有其他寶寶介紹“鼓掌”時的聲音、畫面和動畫,簡直可以改變寶寶的世界。嬰幼兒喜歡重復(fù),喜歡期待下面會發(fā)生什么,但是他們最愛的還是你的注意力、身體接觸和你跟他們之間親密的聯(lián)系。電腦文字游戲,對于那些表示不知道怎么跟8到12月大的嬰兒打交道的爸爸和爺爺來說,是非常好的創(chuàng)意。

Enthusiasm. Many experts agree that talking to your child and having frequent read alouds, surrounded by talk about books during book sharing, are the most important brain-simulating activities in parenting leading to activation of social, hearing, visual, emotional, and linguistic systems all at once.
熱情。許多專家都認(rèn)為,家長和孩子講話,經(jīng)常大聲閱讀,在看書的時候談?wù)摃械膬?nèi)容,這些對孩子來說都是最重要的大腦刺激行為,可以同時激活孩子的社會、聽覺、視覺、情感和語言系統(tǒng)。

The other E's in this step are enticement, exploration, engagement, and explosion. By enticing your child with fun reading activities, exploring new books, and engaging her in the process, her vocabulary, knowledge and love of learning will explode.
這一步驟中還有四個E:誘惑、探索、參與、激增。用有趣的閱讀行為做誘餌,吸引她探索新的書籍,讓他/她參與到這個過程中來,這樣她的詞匯、知識和對學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛就會大大增加。

Attention. When you read or write with your child, you are constantly making decisions about how to direct his attention. Start by having a conversation with your baby about what you are reading and pointing out what's interesting. Later by calling attention to sounds, meaning, rhythm or musicality of language, expression, feelings, letter naming, and letter formation, you focus a child's attention to the many different aspects of language, reading, writing or spelling. The key is to do a variety of targeted reading and writing activities with your child that are appropriate and fun for his phase of development.
注意力。當(dāng)你和孩子一起看書或?qū)懽鲿r,你會經(jīng)常想應(yīng)該怎么吸引他的注意力。開始先和寶寶來段對話,告訴他你正在讀什么,并指出書里有什么有趣的東西。然后喚起他對聲音、意思、語言的節(jié)奏和音樂性、表情、感覺、字母名稱、字母組合等的注意,你就可以將寶寶的注意力集中到閱讀、寫作和拼寫等語言的不同方面上來。這個過程的關(guān)鍵是要與寶寶一起做大量的目標(biāo)閱讀和習(xí)作行為,其中的內(nèi)容要合適和有趣,適合他現(xiàn)階段的發(fā)展需要。

Drawing. Since holding a baby-safe crayon is a milestone for 12 months of age, your child might be ready to scribble on paper long before you think she's able. Early scribbling is one precursor to early writing which can lead to reading. Some children write first and learn to read by exploring writing. With early marking and scribbling, she is showing an internal desire to communicate, joy in expressing ideas, and the urge to make meaning. Drawing and pretend writing-both two dimensional and representational-can open the gate to early literacy.
畫畫。能拿起蠟筆畫畫對12個月大的寶寶來說是里程碑事件,寶寶們遠(yuǎn)比你想的要早得多就能在紙上涂鴉了。早期涂鴉是早期寫作的前兆,寶寶們也可以閱讀了,許多孩子都是先開始寫再通過探索來學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的。早期的涂涂畫畫表示她內(nèi)心有交流的欲望,很樂意表達(dá)想法,也很迫切的想要做點(diǎn)有意義的事情。畫畫和假裝寫作是具有代表性的兩個方向,開啟了早期讀寫的大門。

This week I am in Chicago, Houston, Dallas, and Nashville sharing my ideas and strategies with parents about the importance of early reading. As the new school year begins, it becomes evident how crucial parents are to their child's educational future. Children may be going off to school and spending their day with their school teachers, but the first and most important teacher is the parent.
這一周我在美國各地和家長分享我關(guān)于早期閱讀的觀點(diǎn)和策略,早期閱讀真的很重要。隨著新的學(xué)年開始,家長們就會明顯地看到早期閱讀對孩子的教育未來起著怎樣關(guān)鍵的作用。孩子們也許會長大去上學(xué)跟學(xué)校的老師度過每一天,但家長才是孩子的第一位也是最重要的老師。