解讀獨白聽力

高考聽力測試中的獨白部分主要考查考生對短文聽力的把握能力。一段獨白配置3~4道問題, 有的針對獨白的細節(jié), 有的針對對獨白的整體把握。

獨白的難度比對話大, 首先是因為獨白的信息量比較大(每篇獨白大約150~300個詞), 是對話的幾倍甚至十幾倍。其次, 由于獨白具有鮮明的英文寫作的特點, 在語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的難度上都有所加深。同時獨白的內(nèi)容廣泛, 題材豐富, 所以要求應(yīng)試者不僅要有較高的理解能力, 而且要熟悉英文寫作的特點, 有較寬的知識面。
獨白和對話各有自己的規(guī)律和特點:

1. 對話主要是考查情景會話中對語意的理解; 獨白主要是考查對文章大意及重要細節(jié)的理解。

2. 對話中每道題的內(nèi)容是獨立的; 而每篇獨白后的幾個問題有一定的聯(lián)系, 往往是某一主題的幾個方面。

3. 對話中暗示題比較多, 需要經(jīng)過推理、 聯(lián)想、 計算和判斷, 才能得出正確的答案; 獨白主要是考聽和記, 雖然有時需要概括全文的中心思想, 但只要聽懂大意, 記住主要細節(jié), 就可以選擇正確的答案。

4. 對同樣的提問, 獨白和對話回答的要求有時不同。例如where問句, 對話要求判斷對話的場所, 而獨白則要求直接回答獨白中出現(xiàn)的地點。

因此, 除了對話部分的某些聽力技巧也適用于獨白外, 根據(jù)獨白的特點, 還有一些規(guī)律可循。本章將從四個方面介紹獨白的解題技巧。

【例11】

Good morning, everybody. This time I’ll read a letter to you.

Dear Lucy,

Christmas is coming soon. The radio station is playing Christmas music, and the stores are very busy. People are doing their Christmas shopping. Many families have Christmas trees in their homes already. We are going to buy our tree a few days before Christmas.

At this time of the year, we make or buy presents for our families. I am going to buy a record for my elder brother. He listens to music all the time. I am going to make a toy for my little brother.
Our family is usually together on Christmas Day. My elder brother lives in another town, but he always drives his car here. Last year, however, he didn?蒺t come because it was snowing very hard and the roads were too dangerous. We all felt sad.

I hope we are going to be together again this year. My elder brother is going to arrive before Christmas Eve. Then we are going to put up the tree in the living room and put the presents under the tree. We won’t open them until Christmas morning.

Do you celebrate Christmas in your country? Write soon.

Yours,

Elizabeth

這封信明顯在講述圣誕的活動。同學(xué)都對西方傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日圣誕節(jié)非常熟悉, 相信抓住這篇文章的關(guān)鍵并不難。聯(lián)想在聽力測驗中十分重要, 如果在聽時緊張, 主要內(nèi)容沒有記住, 也不要著急, 聯(lián)想一下自己過圣誕時的場景, 必定會有所收獲。

1. What are the people busy with before Christmas?
A. Doing Christmas shopping.
B. Calling on their friends.
C. Doing general cleanings.

2. What is Elizabeth going to buy for her elder brother?
A. A record. B. A watch C. A toy.

3. Why did Elizabeth feel sorry for Christmas last year?
A. She was ill.
B. Her elder brother didn’t come.
C. She didn’t get any presents.

4. Who do you think Elizabeth is writing to?
A. Her brother. B. A classmate. C. A pen friend.

[答案] A A B C

從上例我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)故事題材具有如下主要特點:

1) 經(jīng)常將不定的時間, 或虛構(gòu)的、 不確定的人物置于故事的開頭, 考生聽到開頭的一兩句話, 便可確定文章的題材為故事。

2) 經(jīng)常通過人物的語言來交代事情的經(jīng)過、 情節(jié)的發(fā)展和人物的思想活動。這些語言對理解故事的情節(jié)和人物的思想感情起了很重要的作用, 因此也就常常成為考查與提問的重點。

3) 故事不僅僅向聽者講述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情, 更重要的是通過豐富的想像力和一些不同尋常的情節(jié)給人留下風(fēng)趣幽默和耐人尋味之處, 這就是故事的內(nèi)涵, 也常常是最后一個問題的提問內(nèi)容。

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