雅思閱讀:根據(jù)閱讀信號(hào)詞定位答案
有很多同學(xué)在雅思閱讀的備考中發(fā)現(xiàn)題目看得懂,但是在原文中就是找不到對(duì)應(yīng)的信息,導(dǎo)致在閱讀考試中丟分。其實(shí),我們只要仔細(xì)分析劍橋雅思真題中的閱讀題目就可以發(fā)現(xiàn),在答案出現(xiàn)的上下文中其實(shí)有些信號(hào)詞是可以用來提示答案的。
所謂信號(hào)詞,就好比是高速公路上的標(biāo)識(shí)牌,見到了它們,就可以知道目的地距離自己的位置還有多遠(yuǎn),需要直走,還是拐彎。大家可以根據(jù)這些信號(hào)詞來判斷應(yīng)該采取精讀、跳讀或是掃讀等不一樣的閱讀方法和技巧。本文中,專家將會(huì)分析雅思閱讀中信號(hào)詞對(duì)考點(diǎn)指示的微妙作用。
本文把劍橋4-8閱讀中出現(xiàn)的與考點(diǎn)相關(guān)的信號(hào)詞根據(jù)其所表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系分成八大類,分別是表順接和遞進(jìn),表對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折,表相似,表排列次序,表強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,表最高級(jí)、比較級(jí),表因果關(guān)系,表舉例子和說明。
一、順接和遞進(jìn)
例詞:also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…
考點(diǎn):And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom…(C6, P28, Q31找標(biāo)題)
解析:And在這句話開頭,有一定的遞進(jìn)含義,this wisdom則是指代了前面一句話出現(xiàn)的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因紐特人傳統(tǒng)的知識(shí)),所以這兩句話有緊密的聯(lián)系,同學(xué)們?cè)谧x題的時(shí)候要通過發(fā)現(xiàn)信號(hào)詞,然后發(fā)散地看它的前后句,最后把考點(diǎn)考察的意思補(bǔ)充完整。
二、對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折
例詞:however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison, while
考點(diǎn):But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past.(C7 P24 Q20)
解題:此題是段落大意配對(duì)題,在確定H段段落大意時(shí),段落中間but之后出現(xiàn)的那句話就是解題的關(guān)鍵,根據(jù)句子中出現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)比較級(jí),可以確定答案應(yīng)該為X The need to raise standards.
考點(diǎn):While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanove and his associates. (C7 P27 倒數(shù)第二段 Q39, 40)
解析:段首句用while引起注意,我們可以根據(jù)success, 和后半句中的few teachers, spectacular results, 搞定最后兩個(gè)填空題。
三、相似
例詞:similarly, in other words, that is, put another way, as …
考點(diǎn): Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.(C4, P28, Q40)
解析:本道雅思閱讀題考的是對(duì)文章的總結(jié)。因此解題時(shí)重點(diǎn)看文章中表示結(jié)論的句子,thus這個(gè)單詞給了我們提示,而句子中的as...do表達(dá)的是一個(gè)相似的邏輯,因此答案可以確定為B。
四、排列次序
例詞:firstly, second, another, the second, the most, the best, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…
考點(diǎn):First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way,...(C5, P49, Q30-31)
解析:雅思閱讀題目30-31考的是并列和否定的邏輯關(guān)系,原文中的first, second, 對(duì)應(yīng)的就是題目中的neither...nor...這個(gè)并列關(guān)系,這兩題的答案就迎刃而解了。
考點(diǎn):First mechanism, then mass use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering – the onward marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last half- century, as the yields of produce have soared. (C7, P44, Q15)
解析:段首句連用表示次序的信號(hào)詞,first, then, then… and now, 體現(xiàn)發(fā)展的不同階段。(the stages of development of farming industry C7 P77 選擇配對(duì))
五、強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
例詞:in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…
考點(diǎn):This, in essence, is the problem of modern?sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates… (C5, P21, Q18 信息包含題)
解析:本道題的考點(diǎn)信息包含題考察細(xì)節(jié)是在哪個(gè)段落出現(xiàn),在做此類題目時(shí),要注意信號(hào)詞與考點(diǎn)的密切相關(guān)性,從而迅速找準(zhǔn)答案。這里出現(xiàn)了in essence(實(shí)質(zhì)上),起了一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,迅速掃讀后,發(fā)現(xiàn)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了題目關(guān)鍵詞sociobiology, 破折號(hào)后面的介詞to表目的,與題目中的the general aim of一致對(duì)應(yīng)。
六、最高級(jí)、比較級(jí)
例詞:–est, most, best, more, better, superior, inferior, preferable, exclusively, extremely...
考點(diǎn):Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. (C5, P44, Q24)
解析:本道雅思閱讀題目中出現(xiàn)了最高級(jí)the most difficult tasks, 因此在原文中也應(yīng)該相應(yīng)的出現(xiàn)最高級(jí)。除了明顯的the most, -est, 還有些單詞本身也含有最高級(jí)的含義,比如extremely, exclusively, superficially, 文中的這個(gè)extremely demanding對(duì)應(yīng)的就是題目中的最高級(jí),所以答案也確定。
七、因果關(guān)系
例詞:as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of
考點(diǎn):Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.(C6, P94, Q33)
解題:本道雅思閱讀題目問的是學(xué)校否認(rèn)問題反應(yīng)了什么,就是這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的根本原因。因此原文中consequence就給解題提供了信息,根據(jù)consequence之前的一句話就可以將答案找到。
八、舉例子和說明
例詞:for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…
考點(diǎn):Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as wood flour, asbestos or cotton… (C5, P39, Q5 流程圖)
解析:我們看到such as后面是舉例子,such as后面的例子可以作為定位詞,wood flour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一種。Fillers在這里就是一個(gè)概括性的詞語,常常是考點(diǎn)。
在雅思閱讀中,信號(hào)詞與考點(diǎn)往往如影相隨,信號(hào)詞出現(xiàn)的地方,考點(diǎn)就離它不遠(yuǎn)啦,因此考生要特別留意這些信號(hào)詞附近的內(nèi)容,這對(duì)解題提供了重大的線索。與此同時(shí),推薦大家掌握每一類信號(hào)詞對(duì)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)起的作用和意義,更有利于考生們對(duì)段落主旨和上下句關(guān)系進(jìn)行快速的判斷,幫助解題。
相信以上對(duì)劍4-8閱讀信號(hào)詞的分類分析,可以幫助大家更好理解雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞,掌握雅思閱讀的答題技巧,從而迅速提高雅思閱讀成績(jī)。
- 相關(guān)熱點(diǎn):
- 英語聽力
- 出國(guó)留學(xué)
- 雅思
- 雅思閱讀技巧
- 英語小故事短文