動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
第一部分 七年高考題薈萃
2011年高考題

1.(2011全國卷,23) Planing so far ahead ______ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.

making made

答案 C

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“計(jì)劃這么超前毫無意義—到明年許多事情會(huì)發(fā)生變化的。”前句表示現(xiàn)在的情況make no sense，后句表示到將來會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果will have changed。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語的特征或狀態(tài)。is making和has made表示具體的動(dòng)作過程，故不選。因此選C。

2.(2011全國卷,24) I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite.

just being just be just been just be

答案 A

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“我不能確信他是真正感興趣呢還是僅僅為了表示禮貌?！本淝皐asn’t sure表明說話的起點(diǎn)是過去時(shí)，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的過去時(shí)。故選A。

3.(2011全國卷,29) When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ______ there.

been lying been lying lying lain

答案 A

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“當(dāng)Alice蘇醒過來時(shí)，她不知道她在那兒躺了多久了。”過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示持續(xù)到過去某時(shí)之前的動(dòng)作。came to蘇醒過來是過去時(shí)，蘇醒前的情況是過去的過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去里發(fā)生的事，故選A。

4.(2011全國卷II,9) If you don't like the drink you______just leave it and try a different one.

A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered

答案 A

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“如果你不喜歡你所點(diǎn)的飲料，就把它放那兒，試試另一種?！眃on't like the drink是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，點(diǎn)飲料是過去的動(dòng)作，因此，用過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選A。

5.（2011北京卷,21）Experiments of this kind ______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted

答案 D

解析： 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，句意為“就在二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前，美國和歐洲都進(jìn)行過這種實(shí)驗(yàn)。”首先考慮語態(tài)，主語experiment與conduct構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，謂語使用被動(dòng)形式。題干中出現(xiàn)the second war是過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，before the second war是過去的過去，因此使用過去完成時(shí)。選D。

6.（2011北京卷,23）Tom ______ in the library every night over the last three months.

A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working

答案 C

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“在過去的三個(gè)月里，Tom每天晚上都在圖書館里學(xué)習(xí)?！鳖}干中出現(xiàn)的over the last three months，是明顯提示用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。

7.（2011北京卷,27）——That must have been a long trip.
——Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there.

A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking

答案 C

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“——那一定是長途旅行?！堑模覀兓苏恢軙r(shí)間才趕到那兒?！鳖}干中must have done是對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè)，提示時(shí)間在過去，描述過去的情況，排除A和B，D項(xiàng)was taking進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來，但事實(shí)上事情已發(fā)生，這與題意不符，因此選C。

8.（2011北京卷,32）——Bob has gone to California.
——Oh, can you tell me when he ______ ?

A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave

答案B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“——Bob已經(jīng)去了加利福尼亞?！蓿隳芨嬖V我他什么時(shí)候離開的？”Bob has gone to California，去的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過，說明他離開的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此使用一般過去時(shí)。選B。

9.（2011天津卷,3）In the last few years thousands of films ______ all over the world.

produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為“在過去的幾年時(shí)間里，全世界制作了成千上萬部電影?！眎n the last few years在過去的幾年時(shí)間里，其實(shí)是從過去算到現(xiàn)在，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。選B。

10.（2011天津卷,4）On her next birthday, Ann ______ married for twenty years.

been be have been

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“等到下次生日的時(shí)候，Ann結(jié)婚有二十年了?！県er next birthday是將來的時(shí)間，for twenty years是個(gè)時(shí)間段。將來完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到將來某時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，故選D。

11.（2011上海春招,29）I’m sure you will do better in the test because you ______ so hard this year.

A. studied B. had studied
C. will study D. have been studying

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“我確信你將在這次考試中取得更好的成績，因?yàn)檫@一年里你一直用功學(xué)習(xí)。”前半句I’m sure you will do better交代了時(shí)間起點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在。because引起的狀語從句不能用將來時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。this year今年，是個(gè)時(shí)間段。D項(xiàng) have been studying表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。選D。

12.（2011上海春招,32）A lot of people often forget that oral exams ______ to test our communicative ability.

A. design B. are designed
C. are designing D. are being designed

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為“很多人經(jīng)常忘記設(shè)計(jì)口語測(cè)試是用來檢測(cè)我們的交際能力的?！币话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí)，常與often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等時(shí)間狀語連用。oral exams與design的關(guān)系存在著被動(dòng)，故選B。

13.(2011山東卷,31) When I got on the bus, I_____I had left my wallet at home.

A. was realizing B. realized C. have realized D. would realize

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“當(dāng)我上了車后，我才意識(shí)到我把錢包落在家里了?！盜 had left my wallet at home發(fā)生在realized之前，前一句When I got on the bus給出的時(shí)間起點(diǎn)是過去時(shí)，故選B。

14.(2011山東卷,35) She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _____ everything!

A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“她驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)冰箱里空空如也；她的孩子把里面的東西全吃光了！”“吃光”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“發(fā)現(xiàn)”之前，前一句交代了過去時(shí)間，因此選擇過去的過去。故選B。

15.（2011江蘇卷,21）——I hear you ____ in a pub. what’s it like?
——Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.

working work working be working

答案 A

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“——我聽說你在酒吧里上班，這份工作怎么樣？——咳，這是份辛苦活，老感到累，不過我不介意?！睂?duì)話所用的現(xiàn)在時(shí)表明現(xiàn)在還在酒吧里上班，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)描述現(xiàn)階段長期重復(fù)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。故選A。

16.（2011江蘇卷,23）——Tommy is planning to buy a car.
——I know. By next month, he_______enough for a used one.

A. saves B .saved save D. will have saved

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“——Tommy將計(jì)劃買車。——我知道，到下個(gè)月為止，他積攢的錢足夠買一輛舊車了?！眀y next month是將來完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，全句表示在將來next month之前完成“積攢足夠錢”的動(dòng)作，對(duì)將來的時(shí)間next month產(chǎn)生影響，能買一輛舊車。故選D。

17.（2011福建卷,32）Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they ______ from China.

e receiving received received

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“上個(gè)月，日本政府對(duì)來自于中國的援助表示了感謝?！眅xpressed是過去時(shí)，接受中國的援助發(fā)生在expressed之前，是過去的過去，故用過
去完成時(shí)。選D。

18.（2011安徽卷, 32）——I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk?
——I put it there just now in case you needed it.

A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“——我并沒有要這份名單。為什么我的桌子上放著這東西？——這是我剛剛放的，以備你需要?！盜 didn’t ask for和I put it there just now都表示過去的動(dòng)作，很有迷惑性，但Why has it landed on my desk？是到說話時(shí)為止的情況，名單在桌面上?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作，故選B。

19. (2011浙江卷,15) The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant______in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.

A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given

答案 C

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“經(jīng)理擔(dān)心著他的助手代替他所舉辦的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)。幸運(yùn)的是，一切進(jìn)展順利?！眞as worried about和everything was going on smoothly都是過去時(shí)，排除B選項(xiàng)。經(jīng)理擔(dān)心的時(shí)候正是助手舉辦新聞發(fā)布會(huì)之時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，排除表示過去完成時(shí)的D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)gave表示過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過，這與后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因?yàn)槭虑檫€在進(jìn)展中，故選C。

20.（2011四川卷,9）All visitors to this village _________ with kindness.

A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為“所有到這個(gè)村子的來訪者都會(huì)受到善意的接待?！北硎窘?jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。來訪者與招待存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。由于沒有交代過去時(shí)間，had been treated過去的過去不能用。因此選B。

21.（2011四川卷,19）——What a mistake!
——Yes. I ______ his doing it another way, but without success.

suggesting suggest suggest suggested

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“——多么嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤呀！——是的，我曾經(jīng)建議他換個(gè)方法做，但他沒聽。”他犯錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生在過去，我提建議發(fā)生在他犯錯(cuò)誤之前，是過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)。這里不是再現(xiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)提建議的情景，故不用was suggesting。選D。

22.（2011重慶卷,21）That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________the piano upstairs?

A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“那首樂曲聽起來相當(dāng)熟悉。是誰在樓上彈鋼琴？”在聽的過程中才發(fā)出誰在彈鋼琴的疑問，sound用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，交代的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在，故選D。
23.（2011重慶卷,31）Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He______ to have been praised by the manager just now.

seemed seeming

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“看Tom臉上驕傲的表情，他似乎剛才受到了經(jīng)理的表揚(yáng)?！眑ook at祈使句交代了時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在，seem表心理判斷，沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選B。

24.（2011陜西卷,12）His first novel ______ good reviews since it came out last month.

es receiving receive received

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“他的第一本小說自上個(gè)月出版以來受到了好評(píng)?！眘ince自從…以來，引導(dǎo)含有過去時(shí)的從句時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。

25.（2011湖南卷,22）——John, what ______in your hand?
——Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.

A had you held B are you holding C do you hold D will you hold

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“——John，你手里拿的是什么？——看，這是給我奶奶的生日禮物?！眱扇藢?duì)話以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為參考點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在(說話人說話時(shí)) 對(duì)方hold這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。選B。

26.（2011湖南卷,27） In 1492, Columbus_______ on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.

A. lands B. landed C. has landed landed

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“在1492年，哥倫布登上了巴哈馬群島，但他誤以為是印度的島嶼。”in 1492是過去時(shí)的標(biāo)志，后面敘述的是在這一年里發(fā)生的事情。題目沒有明確說明“登陸”是發(fā)生在“誤解”之前的動(dòng)作，因此，這兩個(gè)行為都統(tǒng)一在1492年里，排除D，故選B。

27.（2011湖南卷,30）It is the most instructive lecture that I ________ since I came to this school

A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“自從我到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來，這是我所聽到的最有教育意義的演講。”since自從…以來，引導(dǎo)過去時(shí)的從句時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。選D。

28.（2011湖南卷,34）In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ______ by scentists.

A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為“在不久的將來，科學(xué)家將會(huì)在機(jī)器人技術(shù)上取得更大的進(jìn)展?！眎n the near future表明了將來的時(shí)間，more advances與 make主謂關(guān)系上存在著被動(dòng)，故選D。

29. (2011遼寧卷,28) I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I ______.

A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing

答案 B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“我一完成眼下正在做的事情就去圖書館?！敝骶涫菍頃r(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。finish與選項(xiàng)C的have done矛盾，故選B。

30.(2011遼寧卷,34) By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______ from college.

A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated

答案 D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“當(dāng)杰克從英國返回家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了?！眀y the time到…時(shí)候?yàn)橹梗话闩c完成時(shí)連用。選D。

31.（2011江西卷30）We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _____ into the office during the night.

B. had broken broken breaking

答案：B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“我們?cè)谠绯康竭_(dá)工作地點(diǎn)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在前一天晚上闖進(jìn)了我們的辦公室?！眱蓚€(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，“有人闖進(jìn)了辦公室”發(fā)生在“我們到達(dá)”之前，是過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)，選B。