【名師講解】

雅思聽力考試的題型種類多樣，題目涉及面廣。要突破聽力高分，首先就要從出題者的思路入手來看整個(gè)命題原則。

雅思聽力的出題方向多是朝著應(yīng)用和實(shí)踐，通過細(xì)節(jié)題和交際運(yùn)用來具體表現(xiàn)的。但這些細(xì)節(jié)的選擇和應(yīng)用也并非沒有章法，它們有相當(dāng)多的“規(guī)律性”。這也就是本文中專家要總結(jié)的雅思聽力考試的“出題原則”，我們一起來尋找考題中的“共性”。

“列舉”出題原則

雅思聽力段落中，最具有規(guī)律性的出題暗示，就是列舉或增補(bǔ)聯(lián)系信號(hào)詞句。一旦出現(xiàn)，就預(yù)示著下面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)說明對(duì)象進(jìn)行橫向或縱向的分類介紹（或信息添加）。更重要的是，它們常常伴隨著下一個(gè)考點(diǎn)的引出。

{真題范例}

本題答案：C、D、G。
原文錄音：CUSTOMER: Thanks. And are there lots of places to go to around here?
RAILPERSON: Oh yes. You can enjoy many days out. Um there’s the Merthyr Mining Museum, which is only half an hour from Trebirch by train. Your children will find it just as fascinating as any theme park and they can ride in the original miners’ lifts and on the coal trains. There are special excursion tickets which include entrance fees. Mainline trains also offer direct services to Bristol, where you can visit the docks or spend a great day out with the children in the zoo, which is set in the parkland that used to surround the old castle. Er, special family a-way-day fares are available for this service now during the school holidays. Er, alternatively, you can be in Birmingham in only an hour and a half, where there’s lots to see and do including the new and internationally -acclaimed climbing wall built on the site of the old aquarium. We will also be running a special service to Newport when the new science museum opens next year, as we anticipate a lot of visitors in the opening weeks. I’d advise you
o call early to book your tickets. Is that OK?

破題密碼：題目： Which THREE attractions can you visit at present by train from Trebirch?

（如今可以從Trebirch坐火車到哪三個(gè)景點(diǎn)參觀？）

第一條列舉提示：Um, there’s……

（那里有一個(gè)。。。。。。）

RAILPERSON在一開始就提出Um there’s the Merthyr Mining Museum, which is only half an hour from Trebirch by train.（坐火車從Trebirch只要半個(gè)小時(shí)就可以到Merthyr礦業(yè)博物館）與題目對(duì)應(yīng)，所以答案D正確。

第二條列舉提示：…….also offer……
（同時(shí)也提供。。。。。。）

RAILPERSON之后提到Mainline trains also offer direct services to Bristol, where you can visit the docks or spend a great day out with the children in the zoo,……（列車主要行線同時(shí)也提供直達(dá)列車到布里斯托，在那里你可以參觀船塢，或花一整天和孩子們?cè)趧?dòng)物園里玩耍。。。）和題目對(duì)應(yīng)，所以答案G正確。

第三條列舉提示：Er, alternatively , ……

（另一個(gè)選擇是。。。。。。）

RAILPERSON最后提到Er, alternatively, you can be in Birmingham in only an hour and a half, where there’s lots to see and do including the new and internationally-acclaimed climbing wall built on the site of the old aquarium.

（另一個(gè)選擇是，你可以只用一個(gè)半小時(shí)到達(dá)伯明翰，在那里，有很多可以觀賞和參加的，包括建在舊水族館地點(diǎn)的新國際化的攀巖。）和題目對(duì)應(yīng)，所以答案C正確。

難度系數(shù)： ★★★

{真題范例}

本題答案：第一題： keep-fit studio（健身房）。

第二題： swimming（游泳）。

原文錄音：Woman: We do have a keep-fit studio, which is very popular with members, and then as well as that there’s swimming, of course.（我們確實(shí)有健身房，在會(huì)員中很流行，當(dāng)然還有游泳。）

列舉提示：as well as

破題密碼：“as well as”作為列舉（并列）邏輯聯(lián)系語，連接了“keep-fit studio”和“swimming”兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)。此類邏輯聯(lián)系語在雅思聽力考試中出現(xiàn)的概率很高，請(qǐng)考生千萬留意。

難度系數(shù)： ★★

{溫馨提示} 在聽力段落中，常常對(duì)說明對(duì)象進(jìn)行橫向或縱向的分類介紹。聯(lián)系語可以分為以下三類情況：

①從時(shí)間上，敘述發(fā)展階段（firstly, secondly, thirdly; at the beginning, then, finally… ）；

②從空間上，介紹區(qū)域位置（first, second, third stop…）；

③從同質(zhì)事物中，介紹區(qū)別種類（first, second, third category…）

但雅思聽力考試中更傾向用“also, as well as, another, alternatively”這樣的邏輯聯(lián)系語，來考查考生對(duì)朗讀節(jié)奏點(diǎn)的把握?？忌仨氃诼犃Χ温渲校R(shí)別出這些“隱含考點(diǎn)”。

“轉(zhuǎn)折”出題原則

提醒考生們，在雅思聽力考試中一旦聽見表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的邏輯聯(lián)系語，考生就需要高度集中注意力，這表明說話人將要轉(zhuǎn)向一個(gè)新的（或者相反的）信息，是新信息或重要信息（考點(diǎn)）來臨的主要標(biāo)志。由于前后的對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折，這部分很容易引起考生的混淆，而相應(yīng)地，在這個(gè)地方出題的概率也很大，通?？疾檗D(zhuǎn)折后面的那句。

{真題范例}

本題答案： A。

原文錄音：The demand for bikes is enormous, which makes them very expensive locally. So we sell them for 5% of the normal price. But in order to continue operating we need to have a constant supply of bikes which we send out every six months.（自行車的需求量是很大的，導(dǎo)致在當(dāng)?shù)貎r(jià)格很貴。所以我們以正常價(jià)格的5%出售。但為了繼續(xù)運(yùn)營，我們需要持續(xù)的自行車貨量，可以每6個(gè)月送出。）

轉(zhuǎn)折提示：but

破題密碼：雖然錄音中提到“我們以正常價(jià)格的5%出售”，但“but”后卻提到了“需要持續(xù)的自行車貨量，可以每6個(gè)月送出”與題目中的答案A“getting enough bicycles to send regularly.（得到足夠的自行車定期送出）”對(duì)應(yīng)。所以答案A正確。說明“but”一詞預(yù)示著說話人思路的變化。很多情況下，雅思聽力測(cè)試都會(huì)對(duì)這種變化設(shè)問，因而考生必須認(rèn)真聽這一信號(hào)后的關(guān)鍵詞來獲得問題的答案。

{溫馨提示} 轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ认鄬?duì)來說，在聽力段落中是較好判斷的，因?yàn)樗Ｓ妹黠@的引導(dǎo)詞來引出。例如：however, nevertheless, while, on the contrary, although, in spite of, otherwise, despite, by contrast, though, whereas, yet, instead, on the other hand等等。這些詞很清晰地向我們暗示了轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊恼Z境，請(qǐng)考生留意。

難度系數(shù)： ★★?