2. 同現(xiàn)

同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中。一個(gè)語篇，一個(gè)話題，要求有與之相連的詞匯（篇章中的詞匯鏈）。

1)名詞同現(xiàn)：與一個(gè)話題或一個(gè)名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)語境的另一個(gè)名詞。如：

school：primary school—middle school—college—university

students：pupils—graduates—postgraduates

2)動(dòng)詞同現(xiàn)：與一個(gè)話題或一個(gè)名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)語境的另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。如：

school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed

3)形容詞同現(xiàn)

就某一語境而言所能出現(xiàn)的形容詞也是有規(guī)律的。如：在學(xué)校這個(gè)語境中：（key）school—（optional）course—（compulsory）course

4)結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)

如：some…others; on one hand…on the other hand; former…latter; so…that; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way … when…;

eg.I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly.

A. roommate??? B. classmate?? C. neighbor ?? D. companion

析：【A】名詞同現(xiàn)，從room, furniture,等同現(xiàn)信息可知。

eg.We were ______ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said…

A. about ? ? ? ? ? B. able??????????? C. sorry???????? D. sure

析：【A】結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)，be about to do …when…

3.邏輯關(guān)系

一個(gè)完整的語篇應(yīng)該是符合邏輯的，文章邏輯關(guān)系的取得主要靠過渡詞的使用。作者利用轉(zhuǎn)承語保證文章的邏輯，在做完形填空時(shí)應(yīng)通過自己對(duì)上下文的理解，找到適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系，然后選擇正確的過渡詞。學(xué)生必掌握常見的過渡詞：

1)遞進(jìn)

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse,

to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still

2)比較

in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as

3)對(duì)照

in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while

4)因果

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus

5)強(qiáng)調(diào)

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially

in particular, absolutely,

6.讓步

although, though, after all, in spite of

7)舉例

for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.

8)時(shí)間和空間

afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last

outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

9)總結(jié)

to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary