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?本書簡介：
《沉思錄》是古羅馬皇帝奧勒留寫給自己的書，內(nèi)容大部分是他在鞍馬勞頓中寫成的。作品來自奧勒留對(duì)身羈宮廷的自己和自己所處混亂世界的感受，追求一種冷靜而達(dá)觀的生活。這部著作是斯多葛學(xué)派的一個(gè)里程碑，亦是溫總理放在枕邊，讀了不下百遍的書。
本書原文由古希臘文而作，英文版選擇比較權(quán)威的George Long的版本，中文版選擇何懷宏的版本作參考。筆記中的英文釋義摘自《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》

?作者簡介：
馬可?奧勒留（Marcus Aurelius，公元121—180年），著名的“帝王哲學(xué)家”，古羅馬帝國皇帝，在希臘文學(xué)和拉丁文學(xué)、修辭、哲學(xué)、法律、繪畫方面受過很好的教育，晚期斯多葛學(xué)派代表人物之一。奧勒留也許是西方歷史上唯一的一位哲學(xué)家皇帝。他是一個(gè)比他的帝國更加完美的人，他的勤奮工作最終并沒有能夠挽救古羅馬，但是他的《沉思錄》卻成為西方歷史上的偉大名著。

卷一：品質(zhì)閃爍在良好的傳承中（3）
?小編語：在卷一中，奧勒留回憶自己身邊之人所教會(huì)自己的東西，George Long的翻譯十分精煉，有些看起來也許不成句子，僅僅是一些詞組和短語，但就在字里行間，我們可以感受到作者的思考與自省。如果要作為翻譯練習(xí)的話，需要注意添加動(dòng)詞及調(diào)整語序，使你的翻譯語句通順，易于理解。
幾期節(jié)目做下來，在翻閱字典，輸入詞條釋義的過程中，也窺探出一些George Long的用詞習(xí)慣，你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，他的用詞以“formal”為主，這是與整本書的基調(diào)相吻合的。所以，同學(xué)們做翻譯什么的時(shí)候，一定要注意用詞，力求還原原文的行文風(fēng)格，不要把腦子里蹦出來的第一個(gè)詞不加思考地寫下來。

1.11 From Alexander the grammarian, to refrain from fault-finding, and not in a reproachful way to chide those who uttered any barbarous or solecistic or strange-sounding expression; but dexterously to introduce the very expression which ought to have been used, and in the way of answer or giving confirmation, or joining in an inquiry about the thing itself, not about the word, or by some other fit suggestion.

?Notes：
refrain [v] ~ (from sth/from doing sth) (formal) to stop yourself from doing sth, especially sth that you want to do
????????? e.g.: They appealed to the protesters to refrain from violence. (他們呼吁抗議者們不要采取暴力行動(dòng)。)
????????? [n] a comment or complaint that is often repeated; the part of a song that is repeated after each verse.
chide [v] ~ sb (for sth/for doing sth) (formal) to criticize or blame sb because they have done sth wrong.
????????? e.g.: She chided herself for being so impatient with the children. (她責(zé)怪自己對(duì)孩子不夠耐心。)
barbarous [adj] extremely cruel and shocking; showing a lack of education and good manners.
solecism [n] a mistake in the use of language in speech or writing; an example of bad manners or unacceptable behavior. solecistic [adj]
dexterous [adj] skilful with your hands; skillfully done. →dexterously [adv]

1.12 From Fronto I learned to observe what envy, and duplicity, and hypocrisy are in a tyrant, and that generally those among us who are called Patricians are rather deficient in paternal affection.
?Notes:
duplicity [un] (formal) dishonest behavior that is intended to make sb believe sth which is not true.
hypocrisy [n] (disapproving) behavior in which sb pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have.
????????????? e.g.: He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. (他譴責(zé)了那些說一套做一套的政客的虛偽。)
tyrant [n] a person who has complete power in a country and uses it in a cruel and unfair way.
patrician [adj] (formal) typical of the highest society class.
???????????? e.g.: She comes from an old patrician family. (她出生名門望族。)
???????????? 同樣可以作為名詞。
?????????????反義詞是plebeian，也可以做形容詞和名詞。
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?看了筆記注釋之后，先嘗試自己翻譯一下吧，參考譯文見下：

中文翻譯：
1.11 從文法家亞歷山大，我學(xué)會(huì)了避免挑剔，不去苛責(zé)那些表達(dá)上有粗俗、欠文理和生造等毛病的人們，而是靈巧地通過回答的方式、證實(shí)的方式、探討事物本身而非詞匯的方式，或者別的恰當(dāng)啟示，來引出那應(yīng)當(dāng)使用的正確表達(dá)。
1.12 從弗朗特，我學(xué)會(huì)了觀察僅僅在一個(gè)暴君那里存在的嫉妒、偽善和口是心非，知道我們中間那些被稱為上流人的一般是相當(dāng)缺乏仁慈之情的。?

回顧：《沉思錄》讀書筆記系列>>