被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get，stay等也可以和過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

一、英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞

例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.

2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+過(guò)去分詞

例如：These trees were planted the year before last.

3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+be+過(guò)去分詞

例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞

例如：Your radio is being repaired now.

5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞

When he got there，the problem was being discussed.

6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞

His work has been finished.

Has his work ben finished? Yes，it hasNo，it hasn’t.

7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+been+過(guò)去分詞

They had got everything ready before I came.

二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況

1. 有些動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，后面接不帶to的不定式，但如果改為被動(dòng)，則需把省略的to加上，這類動(dòng)詞有 [let, make, have,help]和感官動(dòng)詞[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.

2. 含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)，通常用it作為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語(yǔ)，從句放在句子后面/也可采用另一種形式，這類動(dòng)詞有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等

3.不是所有的主動(dòng)句都可以變換成被動(dòng)句，更不是所有的被動(dòng)句都可以自由變換成主動(dòng)句。雖然語(yǔ)法原則上允許主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)句的互相轉(zhuǎn)換，但有的句子轉(zhuǎn)換后會(huì)變成不通順或不地道的英語(yǔ)句子。因此，在某些題目里，這也成為判斷應(yīng)該用主動(dòng)還是用被動(dòng)的依據(jù)。

4.有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。多是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。這樣句子自然些。直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)要變?yōu)槟硞€(gè)介詞的賓語(yǔ)，介詞to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改為This house was left (to) him by his father.

5.有些動(dòng)詞雖為及物，但賓語(yǔ)并非是動(dòng)作承受者，不能轉(zhuǎn)換，這些動(dòng)詞有have, hold(容納),suit, fit, lack, become(適合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足夠)等。

三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)

1.不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2.有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)以物居多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征。這類動(dòng)詞有許多，如: write, break, sell等。

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to。 感官動(dòng)詞有smell,sound,taste,fell等。使役動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et,make,have,help,hear,see,watch,notice,look,listen.

make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

4.如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

5.一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

以上就是小編給大家分享的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，希望可以給大家學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)幫助。

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