英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，動詞的-ing形式詞具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特性，可以在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語等成分。

(1)動詞的-ing形式作主語

Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.散步是一種老幼皆宜的鍛煉形式。

Once your business becomes international, flying constantly will be part of your life.一旦你的生意走向國際市場，經(jīng)常飛就成了你生活的一部分。

Writing headlines in English is not an easy job.用英語寫標(biāo)題不是一件容易的工作。

動詞的-ing形式作主語時(shí)，為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用it作形式主語而把動名詞置后。在use, good, pity, bore, time, fun, hard, funny, nice, odd, worth, difficult, worthwhile, interesting, tiring, better, enjoyable, pointless, crazy, terrible等名詞或形容詞作表語時(shí)，可用it作形式主語，把作主語的-ing形式倒置。

It's more difficult writing headlines in English than in Chinese.用英代比用漢語寫標(biāo)題更難。

It is important controlling costs at a newspaper.控制報(bào)紙的費(fèi)用是重要的。

It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。

注意：there is no + 動名詞為常見的結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于It is impossible to do sth.

There is no getting along with him.簡直無法和他相處。

There is no persuading her.無法勸說他。

(2)動詞的-ing形式作賓語

①作動詞賓語

We enjoy swimming very much because it is good to our health.我們非常喜歡游泳，因?yàn)橛斡緦ι眢w有好處。

He admitted taking the watch.他承認(rèn)拿了手表。

只跟動詞的-ing作賓語的動詞有：admit(承認(rèn)),advise(見一)， appreciate(感謝),avoid(避免)，consider(考慮)，delay(推遲)，deny (否認(rèn))，dislike (不喜歡)，enjoy(喜愛)，escape(逃脫)，excuse(原諒)，fancy(想象)，finish(完成)，forgive(原諒，寬恕), imagine(想象)，keep (on)(保持)，mind(介意)，miss(錯(cuò)過)，practise(練習(xí))，risk(冒險(xiǎn))，suggest(建議)，give up(放棄)，can't help(禁不住)，cannot stand(不能容忍)等。

Have you considered looking for one special friend?你是否考慮過找一位摯友。

He disliked fighting in any form.他不喜歡任何形式的打架斗毆。

②作介詞賓語。

He studied ways of keeping seeds.他研究了種子的保存方法。

She was very interested in working for our company.她對為我們公司工作很感興趣。

I do not feel like going to work today.今天我不想去上班。

She looks forward every spring to walking in the flower-lined garden. 每年春天她盼望著在鮮花郁郁的公園里散步。

(3)動詞的-ing形式作表語

①說明主語的內(nèi)容，表語和主語可以互換位置，相當(dāng)于不定式。

Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。

Our duty is teaching the students. =Teaching the students is our duty.=Our duty is to teach the students. 我們的任務(wù)是教學(xué)生。

Her job was looking after the children.她的工作是照看孩子。

②說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。

The music is exciting. 這首音樂令人興奮。

The film is very moving and exciting.這部電影很動人很使人振奮。

動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語的三類重要考點(diǎn)：

考點(diǎn)一：考查介詞后接動詞時(shí)所用形式

【考題實(shí)例】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ___61___ (be) late for school.

【考點(diǎn)分析】本句答案為being。因?yàn)榭崭袂暗?about 為介詞，根據(jù)英語語法的要求，當(dāng)介詞后面接一個(gè)動詞作賓語時(shí)，這個(gè)動詞通常要用-ing形式(即傳統(tǒng)語法中的動名詞形式)。又如：

I’m very nervous about taking that exam. 參加那個(gè)考試我很緊張。

She rested for two weeks after being in the hospital. 出院后，她休息了兩周。

Save the document to disk before closing it. 關(guān)閉文件前把它保存到磁盤上。

He ran ten kilometres without stopping. 他一路不停跑了10公里。

【特別提醒】表示“除……之外”的介詞but和except是例外，當(dāng)它后面接動詞作賓語時(shí)，該動詞通常用不定式(不定式是否帶to與其前是否有動詞do有關(guān)：有do則通常不帶to，沒有do則通常帶to)。如：

It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生氣外，沒產(chǎn)生任何效果。

She had nothing to do except spend money. 她除了花錢更無所事事。

考點(diǎn)二：考查習(xí)慣上只接動詞-ing形式作賓語的用法

【考題實(shí)例】Still, the boy kept ___67___ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.

【考點(diǎn)分析】本題答案填 riding。在英語中，當(dāng)一個(gè)動詞后面接另一個(gè)動詞作賓語時(shí)，用作賓語的動詞有時(shí)要用不定式，有時(shí)要用動詞的-ing形式，而本句中的 keep 則是一個(gè)只跟動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞。

【相關(guān)歸納】習(xí)慣上只接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞主要有： acknowledge, admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forbid, forgive, give up, imagine, include, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, prohibit, propose, put off, recall, recollect, recommend, repent, report, resist, risk, save, stop, suggest, understand, witness等。

【溫馨提示】動詞keep后接動詞-ing形式的用法似乎是命題特別青睞的一個(gè)考題，請?jiān)倏匆坏勒骖}(答案為holding)：

Keep ___64___ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.

考點(diǎn)三：考查動詞-ing形式與不定式的用法區(qū)別

【考題實(shí)例】I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___66___ (stop) until we reached the next stop.

【考點(diǎn)分析】本題答案填 to stop。動詞-ing形式的用法總與不定式的用法有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。正如有些動詞后接另一動詞作賓語習(xí)慣上要用-ing形式一樣，還有一些動詞則習(xí)慣上要接不定式作賓語，本題的 refuse 就是其中之一。

【相關(guān)歸納】習(xí)慣上只接不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, wish等。

動詞-ing形式作表語和賓補(bǔ)的三個(gè)要點(diǎn)：

考點(diǎn)一：考查動詞-ing形式作表語的用法

【考題實(shí)例】The wife said to his husband, “Buying such a white elephant is simply _______ (waste) money.”

【考點(diǎn)分析】答案為wasting。在通常情況下，如果主語動詞的-ing形式，則其表語通常也用-ing形式。又如：

Doing that was playing with fire. 這樣做是玩火。

Talking to you is talking to the wall. 和你談是對牛彈琴。

Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to facts. 否認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)就是睜眼不看事實(shí)。

【知識拓展】動詞-ing形式作表語有兩個(gè)明顯特點(diǎn)：一是表示等價(jià)內(nèi)容，即表示表語與主語“等價(jià)”，用以具體說明主語的具體內(nèi)容，此時(shí)的動詞-ing形式就是傳統(tǒng)語法中的動名詞;二是表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征等，此時(shí)的動詞-ing形式就是傳統(tǒng)語法中的現(xiàn)在分詞，但這樣的-ing形式通常已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。如：

My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照看這些孩子。(動名詞looking after…作表語，表示主語my job的具體內(nèi)容)

The work is difficult, but it is interesting. 這件工作雖然很難，但很有趣。(現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞interesting作表語，表示主語the work的特征)

考點(diǎn)二：考查動詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)的用法

【考題實(shí)例】He arrived home just in time to see his brother _______ (take) away by the police.

【考點(diǎn)分析】答案為being taken。根據(jù)句子前半部分的He arrived home just in time to see(他到家時(shí)正好看到)可知，空格處所填動詞是指一個(gè)動詞正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的瞬間，故宜用動詞的-ing形式，再根據(jù)句末的 by the police(被警察)以及his brother與take之間的關(guān)系，可知此處的動詞-ing形式應(yīng)用被動式，句意為：他到家時(shí)正好看到他的兄弟被警察帶走。又如：

He often came to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded. 他常常到這里來看輪船裝貨卸貨。

I woke up to hear the bedroom door being opened slowly. 我醒過來，聽見臥室的門慢慢地被推開。

【知識拓展】與動詞-ing形式作表語類似，動詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)也有兩個(gè)明顯特點(diǎn)：一是表示等價(jià)內(nèi)容，即表示賓補(bǔ)與賓語“等價(jià)”，用以具體說明賓語的具體內(nèi)容，此時(shí)的動詞-ing形式就是傳統(tǒng)語法中的動名詞;二是表示賓語的性質(zhì)、特征、正在進(jìn)行的動作等，此時(shí)的動詞-ing形式就是傳統(tǒng)語法中的現(xiàn)在分詞，這樣的-ing形式若表示賓語的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，則通?？梢暈樾稳菰~來理解，若表示賓語進(jìn)行的動作，則不能視為形容詞。如：

I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。(賓補(bǔ)robbing Peter to pay Paul為傳統(tǒng)語法中的動名詞，用以說明 this 的具體內(nèi)容)

No one thought the film interesting. 沒人認(rèn)為這部電影很有趣。(賓補(bǔ)interesting為傳統(tǒng)語法中的現(xiàn)在分詞，其實(shí)已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，它在此用以說明 film 的性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn))

The police observed the man entering the bank. 警方監(jiān)視著那男子進(jìn)入銀行的情況。(賓補(bǔ)entering the bank為傳統(tǒng)語法中的現(xiàn)在分詞，用以說明 them man 當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作)

考點(diǎn)三：考查動詞-ing形式作表語時(shí)與-ed形式的區(qū)別

【考題實(shí)例】Please stop making that noise—it’s getting ________ (annoy).

【考點(diǎn)分析】答案為annoying，不能填annoyed。本考點(diǎn)主要涉及動詞-ing形式與-ed形式的用法區(qū)別。又如：

It was half seven; her mother would be annoyed because he was so late. 7點(diǎn)半了，他到得這么晚，她母親一定會生氣的。

It’s really annoying when a train is late and there’s no explanation. 火車誤點(diǎn)而又不作任何解釋，這很令人惱火。

【知識拓展】有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為：-ed形容詞只用于修飾人，-ing形容詞只用于修飾事物，其實(shí)不一定。正確的理解是：-ed形容詞指人的感覺，表示人感到如何;而-ing形容詞則指事物給人的感覺，表示令人感到如何。比較：

The man was very much frightened. 這個(gè)人非常害怕。

The man was very much frightening. 這個(gè)人非常可怕。

Her son was very disappointed. 她的兒子非常失望。

Her son was very disappointing. 她的兒子非常令人失望。

-ed形容詞除用于說明人的感覺外，有也用于修飾voice, look, expression, appearance, manner, smile等，用以表示該名詞邏輯主語的感覺。如：

He gave her an astonished look. 他驚異地望了她一眼。

Mr. Knight gave a satisfied smile. 奈特先生露出滿意的微笑。

His face wore a puzzled expression. 他臉上有一種困惑的表情。

She had a worried look on her face. 她臉上有一種憂慮的表情。

中考英語-ing分詞考點(diǎn)歸納：

一、“及物動詞+ doing”結(jié)構(gòu)歸納

1. began doing sth 開始做某事。如：

He began doing this job last year. 他去年開始做這工作。

He began teaching English at the age of 25. 他25歲開始教英語。

2. do doing 做某事。如：

Does he do (the, any) cooking? 他做飯嗎?

I did much washing yesterday. 我昨天洗了很多衣服。

3. enjoy doing sth 喜愛(喜歡)做某事。如：

He enjoys listening to music. 他喜歡聽音樂。

She enjoys helping her parents with the housework. 她喜歡幫她母親做家務(wù)。

4. finish doing sth 做完(完成)某事。如：

Have you finished reading the book? 這本書你讀完了嗎?

There was a deadly silence after she finished speaking. 她說完話后是一片沉默。

5. forget doing sth 忘記曾做過某事。如：

I forgot telling her the news. 我忘了曾告訴過她這個(gè)消息。

I shall never forget hearing her singing that song. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記她唱那首歌的情景。

6. go doing sth 做戶外運(yùn)動(體育和業(yè)余娛樂)。如：

We often go swimming together. 我們經(jīng)常一起去游泳。

Let’s go boating this afternoon. 我們今天下午去劃船吧。

7. keep doing sth 一直在做某事。如：

They kept talking about it. 他們一直在談?wù)摯耸隆?/p>

My shoe laces keep coming undone. 我的鞋帶老是松開。

8. like [love] doing sth 喜歡做某事。如：

I like watching TV. 我喜歡看電視。

He likes travelling alone. 他喜歡單獨(dú)旅行。

9. mind doing sth 介意做某事。如：

I don’t mind being poor. 我對貧困不在乎。

We don’t mind waiting. 我們不介意等候。

10. practise doing sth 練習(xí)做某事。如：

The boy practise playing the piano every day. 這男孩每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。

They are practising singing the new song. 他們正在練習(xí)唱新歌。

11. prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事，更喜歡做某事。如：

I prefer walking alone. 我喜歡一個(gè)人溜達(dá)。

He prefers swimming to riding as a sport. 作為一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目，他更喜歡游泳而不是騎馬。

12. regret doing sth 后悔(遺憾)做了某事。如：

She never regretted doing this. 她從沒后悔這樣做過。

I regret not coming earlier. 我后悔沒有來早點(diǎn)。

13. remember doing sth 記住做過某事。如：

I remember seeing her somewhere. 我記得在哪里見過她。

Remember paying him. 記住已經(jīng)付給他錢了。

14. stop doing sth 停止做某事。如：

He is trying to stop smoking. 他在設(shè)法戒煙。

Hearing her husband come in she stopped crying. 聽見她丈夫進(jìn)了來，她就不哭了。

15. try doing sth 做某事試試看(有何效果)。如：

Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱們敲敲后門試試。

Try phoning his home number. 給他家里打個(gè)電話試試。

二、常考重要句式歸納

1. How (What) about doing sth 詢問消息或征求意見。如：

How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么樣?

How about going out for a walk? 出去走走如何?

2. spend…(in) doing sth 花費(fèi)(時(shí)間或金錢)做某事。如：

Don’t spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself. 別花那么多時(shí)間來打扮(自己)。

He spent quite a lot of time doing that. 他花了不少時(shí)間做那事。

3. feel like doing sth 感覺想要做某事。如：

I don’t feel like going to the movies. 我不想去看電影。

I don’t feel like cooking. Let’s eat out. 我不想做飯，我們出去吃吧。

4. stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事。如：

Her parents tried to stop her from seeing him. 她父母不讓她見他。

If I can stop them from going there, I’ll do it. 要是我能夠阻止他們?nèi)ツ抢?，我會這樣做的。

5. look forward to doing sth 期待(希望)做某事。如：

We’re looking forward to hearing from you. 我們盼望收到你的來信。

I’m looking forward to seeing him again. 我盼望能再見到他。

6. be afraid of doing sth 擔(dān)心會發(fā)生某事或某情況。如：

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。

I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕傷害她的感情。

7. be good at doing sth 擅長做某事。例如：

She is good at telling stories. 她擅長講故事。

He’s good at drawing. 他擅長畫圖。

8. have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困難。如：

We have much difficulty in understanding what he says. 我們要理解他說的話有不少困難。

I had the greatest difficulty in persuading him. 為了說服他，我費(fèi)了好大的力氣。

9. be fond of doing sth 喜歡做某事。如：

He is very fond of playing the piano. 他很喜歡彈鋼琴。

She is fond of going to the cinema. 她喜歡看電影。

10. thank sb for doing sth 因某事感謝某人。如：

Thank you for telling me. 謝謝你告訴我。

I must write and thank her for sending me the check. 我一定寫信感謝她給我寄來了支票。

11. be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事。例如：

She was busy writing letters. (當(dāng)時(shí))她正忙著寫信。

He’s busy getting ready for the journey. 他正忙于上路。

12. be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事。例如：

She is used to getting up early. 她習(xí)慣于早起。

He is used to looking after himself. 他已習(xí)慣于自己照顧自己。

以上就是小編給大家分享的英語動詞用法，希望可以給大家學(xué)習(xí)帶來幫助。