在語法里，時或時態(tài)表示行為發(fā)生的時間和說話時的關(guān)系。在英語考試中經(jīng)常會遇到時態(tài)題。下面是小編給大家分享的語法知識，大家可以作為學(xué)習(xí)的參考。

一般過去時習(xí)題

1. Excuse me. I ______ I was blocking your way.

A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing

解析：答案選 A。該句的談話背景是：一個人擋住了另一個人的路，于是他說“對不起，我沒有意識到我擋了你的路”。顯然，當(dāng)這個人說“對不起，我沒有意識到……”的時候，顯然他說話的時候是“意識到了”，也就是說“沒有意識到”在他道歉的時候已屬過去了，故要用一般過去時。

2. In 1492, Columbus ______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.

A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed

解析：答案選 B。根據(jù)句中的過去時間狀語in 1947可知，句應(yīng)用一般過去時。句意為：1492年，哥倫布登上了巴哈馬群島，但他誤以為那是印度的島嶼。

3. — Bob has gone to California.

—Oh, can you tell me when he ______?

A. had left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave

解析：答案選 B。根據(jù)上文中的has gone to(已經(jīng)到……去了)可知，鮑勃的離開發(fā)生在過去(因為他已經(jīng)離開了)，故用一般過去時。又如：

It happened in the first century AD. 這事發(fā)生在公元一世紀(jì)。

She had an accident on her way home. 她在回家的途中發(fā)生事故。

過去完成時習(xí)題：

1. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ______ it. Was it you?

A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do

分析：B。根據(jù)句意可知，“有人給玫瑰剪枝”發(fā)生在“我去給玫瑰剪枝”之前，而“我去給玫瑰剪枝”用的是I was just going to cut my rose…這樣的過去時態(tài)，故“有人給玫瑰剪枝”發(fā)生在這一過去時間之前，也就是“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時。

2. —Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?

—We ______ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.

A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be

分析：C。根據(jù)句意可知，“很忙”在“去海邊放松”之前，而“去海邊放松”用的是一般過去時went，所以“很忙”應(yīng)用過去完成時had been。

3. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they ______ from China.

A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received

分析：D。本句意為：上個月，日本政府表達(dá)了他們從中國得到的援助。從時間上看，應(yīng)該是先得到援助，然后才表示感謝，由于“表達(dá)”用的是一般過去時(expressed)，所以“得到援助”就應(yīng)用過去完成時(had received)。又如：

He was conscious that he had annoyed his boss. 他意識到他惹煩了上司。

Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 盡管他參加這次競賽只不過是鬧著玩兒而已，卻贏得了頭獎。

過去完成時的用法：

1. 構(gòu)成

助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞。

2. 基本用法

過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作、狀態(tài)(“已完成”)。句中常用by , before , until , when 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。如：

Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。(指從星期二至昨天未吃東西)

I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We hadn’t seen each other since we left Paris. 上周星期天我見到史密斯先生了，自從離開巴黎后我們還一直沒見過面。

By the end of the year no decision had been made. 到年底也沒有做出任何決定。

He had left when I arrived. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)時他已經(jīng)離開。

英語過去將來時的用法：

1. was / were going to + 動詞原形：該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩個主要用法，一是表示過去的打算，二是表示在過去看來有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。如：

I thought it was going to rain. 我想要下雨了。

I was going to leave when he came in. 他進(jìn)來時我正要離開。

2. was / were to + 動詞原形：主要表示過去按計劃或安排要做的事情。如：

He asked where he was to put it. 他問他該把它放在哪里。

She said she was to get married next month. 她說她計劃在下個月結(jié)婚。

3. was / were about to + 動詞原形：表示在過去看來即將要發(fā)生的動作，由于本身已含有“即將”的意味，所以不再表示具體的過去時間狀語連用。如：

I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. 電話鈴響時我正好要上床睡。

I couldn’t go to Tom’s party as I was about to go into hospital. 我就要住院，所以不能參加湯姆辦的晚會了。

以上就是小編給大家分享的英語語法知識，希望可以給大家學(xué)習(xí)帶來幫助。