備考英語四級考試的時候，很多人都忽略了語法的備考，其實語法的備考是貫穿整個四級備考的，而且在每個題型中都會用到。今天我們?yōu)榇蠹艺砹擞⒄Z四級語法基礎(chǔ)知識，一起來看一下吧。

動詞(時態(tài),語態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)

時態(tài)

1)現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)(have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.

I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作

I’d been working for some time when he called.

We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.

By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來某時已發(fā)生的事.

I shall have finished this one before lunch.

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

語態(tài)

可以有兩種被動結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:

He was said to be jealous of her success.

It was said that he was jealous of her success.

能同時適用于上述兩個句型的'主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:

Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)

雙賓語及賓補結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)

雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài): 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.

He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

賓補結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài):

She was called Big Sister by everybody.

Then he was made a squad leader.

He was considered quite qualified for the job.

The room was always kept clean and tidy.

短語動詞

Vi + adv

The plane took off two hours late.

Vi + prep

They looked round the Cathedral.

Vi + prep (有被動語態(tài))

以上就是為大家整理的英語四級語法基礎(chǔ)知識的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能夠?qū)Υ蠹矣兴鶐椭?。語法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的精華，掌握語法可以幫助大家更好的提升閱讀、聽力和寫作。