四級(jí)備考，不同的人備考方法不同。大部分的人都是按照題型以及真題來(lái)提升的，很多人都忽略了語(yǔ)法的提升。今天我們就為大家整理了英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全，一起來(lái)看一下吧。

被動(dòng)式: 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式. It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.

She hated to be flattered.

He wanted the letter to be typed at once.

This is bound to be found out.

There are a lot of things to be done.

She was too young to be assigned such work.

功用: 不定式可以作主語(yǔ)(a), 賓語(yǔ)(b), 表語(yǔ)(c), 定語(yǔ)(d) 或是狀語(yǔ)(e).

a. To scold her would not be just.

b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.

c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.

d. Do you have anything to declare?

e. We have come to learn from you.

不帶to 的不定式:

在“動(dòng)詞+ 賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 如果動(dòng)詞是表示感覺意義的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等,

或是表示“致使”意義的have, make, let等, 其后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不帶to.

John made her tell him everything.

這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 后面的不帶to 的不定式一般還原為帶to 的不定式.

She was made to tell him everything.

在had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon,

might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to.

I'd rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.

They cannot but accept his term.

在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive,

let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中,

用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式.

John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.

I've heard tell of him.

在動(dòng)詞help(或help +賓語(yǔ))之后可用不帶to的不定式, 也可用帶to的不定式.

Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?

在介詞except, but 之后, 如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式, 不定式一般不帶to, 反之帶to.

There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.

Smith will do anything but work on a farm.

There's no choice but to wait till it stops raining.

連詞rather than, sooner than 置于句首時(shí), 其后的不定式不帶to.

Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to

pick it up.

出現(xiàn)在句中其他位置時(shí), 其后的不定式有時(shí)帶to, 有時(shí)不帶to.

He decided to write rather than telephone.

The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than

to increase wages.

用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式, 如果主語(yǔ)是由“all + 關(guān)系分句”，“thing +關(guān)系分句”，“what分句”或“thing

+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”等構(gòu)成，并帶有do的某種形式，這時(shí)，作為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.

What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.

All you do now is complete the form

The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear

up this mess.

The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 不定式

形式

主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式

一般式to do to be done

完成式to have done to have been done

進(jìn)行式to be doing

完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing

完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作, 通常與主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生, 或是在它之后發(fā)生. 假如不定式所表示的動(dòng)作, 在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))之前發(fā)生, 就要用不定式的完成式。

I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).

(比較: I am glad to see you.)

He is said to have written a new book about workers.

He pretended not to have seen me.

進(jìn)行式: 如果主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生時(shí), 不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行, 這時(shí)要用不定式的進(jìn)行式。

You are not supposed to be working. You haven't quite recovered yet.

We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here.

He pretended to be listening attentively.

完成進(jìn)行式: 在謂語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 就要用不定式的完成進(jìn)行式.

The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.

We are happy to have been working with you.

以上就是為大家整理的英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能夠?qū)Υ蠹矣兴鶐椭?。語(yǔ)法是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的精髓，也是備考四級(jí)必不可少的一個(gè)部分，所以希望大家不要忽略它。