零基礎(chǔ)要怎么樣學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
英語(yǔ)單詞的積累和語(yǔ)法的掌握是學(xué)習(xí)的重中之重,下面是小編給大家分享的關(guān)于直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容,大家可以作為學(xué)習(xí)的參考。
直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
1. 直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
eg: “I broke your CD player.” (一般過(guò)去時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí))
He told me he had broken my CD player.
Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”
(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí))
Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”
(一般將來(lái)時(shí)改成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))
Mum said she would go to see a friend.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)保留原有的時(shí)態(tài)
He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”
He said they hadn’t finished their homework.
注意 直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。
2. 在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),如果從句中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)第一人稱(chēng)或被第一人稱(chēng)所修飾,從句中的人稱(chēng)要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)變化。如:
Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”
Mary said her brother was and engineer.
3. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句,選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如:
He said, “Can you run, Mike?”
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
4. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句,間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為“tell(ask, order, beg等) * (not) to do sth.”句型。如:
“Pass me the water, please.”said he.
He asked him to pass her the water.
5. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Let’s”開(kāi)頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用“suggest+動(dòng)名詞或從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
She said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”
She suggested going to the cinema.
或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,謂語(yǔ)通常為瞬間動(dòng)詞。如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。這些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)后不能再接具體的時(shí)間。
(1)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái),指的是近期的,按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)與表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于:前者通常用瞬間動(dòng)詞(有時(shí)一些常用動(dòng)詞也可以這樣用如:do)如:go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
He is reading a novel.
他在看小說(shuō)。
The train is arriving soon.
火車(chē)就要進(jìn)站了。
(3)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間,在句中或上下文中通常有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于:前者表示的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作往往是可以改變的,而后者則是根據(jù)規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情,因此往往是不可改變或不可隨便改變的。
What are you doing next Friday?
下星期五你們打算干什么?
The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight.
飛機(jī)今晚七點(diǎn)半起飛。
要想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,必須要理解和掌握。學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候積累也很重要,方法用對(duì),學(xué)習(xí)才能提高效率。