在雅思閱讀眾多的題型中,雅思閱讀填空題是大家認(rèn)為最難的一項(xiàng)。下面是關(guān)于雅思閱讀填空題高分自學(xué)攻略,大家可以作為參考。

  一、冠詞原則

  冠詞原則是指:在填空題的空格前,若有冠詞(a an the),則在答案對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞前也極有可能有一個(gè)冠詞。以C5T1P1為例,第5題Johnson did not have a 5 ………… available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words……注意到空格前有冠詞a,利用定位詞40,000定位至文章原文filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words……可觀察到只有l(wèi)ibrary與definitions兩個(gè)詞前有冠詞,而能冠以a的則只有l(wèi)ibrary,成功定位答案。注意冠詞原則并非指冠詞一定要完全匹配,而僅僅是要求答案前必須要有一個(gè)冠詞,至于是否與題中冠詞一致則不確定。以C7T1P1為例,第13題The word 'echolocation' was first used by someone working as a………………… . 以帶引號(hào)詞 'echolocation' 為定位詞定位至文章中句子The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term 'echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments. 可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里的冠詞并不一致。在現(xiàn)有的資料中,冠詞原則幾乎接近真理:在劍橋雅思系列中,只有劍5上1題、劍8上3題、劍9上1題不符合冠詞原則。從機(jī)經(jīng)來(lái)看,現(xiàn)行考題題庫(kù)中也有大量完全符合冠詞原則的案例。

  二、介詞原則

  與冠詞原則類(lèi)似,介詞原則是指:在空格前或空格后若有介詞,則在對(duì)應(yīng)原文的答案前后也很可能有介詞。與冠詞原則類(lèi)似,介詞原則也不要求介詞一定要一致。以C4T3P3為例,第37題A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37 ………… .利用定位詞linguist和corpus定位至原文語(yǔ)句A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers,找到名詞前的介詞about,因此定位答案frequency of usage。介詞原則的適用性比冠詞原則要弱。在空格前出現(xiàn)了介詞的填空題中,約有70%左右的題目符合介詞原則。這主要是由于考官進(jìn)行的同義替換造成的。若考官將題中的不及物動(dòng)詞替換為了及物動(dòng)詞,那么介詞原則也就不再正確了。

  介詞原則與冠詞原則是可以同時(shí)使用的。仍以C4T3P3為例,第38題Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38 ………… .定位回到原文語(yǔ)句others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature,利用冠詞原則找到collection of material與particular linguistic feature,再利用介詞原則,就直接得到正確答案particular linguistic feature。

  三、并列原則

  并列原則相對(duì)較易應(yīng)用,主要是抓填空題結(jié)構(gòu)中的并列關(guān)系。常見(jiàn)的并列關(guān)系考點(diǎn)詞有and,or,as well as,both,not only……but also,other than,in addition,besides,on the one hand,neither……nor等。值得一提的是,在雅思閱讀中,使用相同動(dòng)詞的一組名詞也可作為并列關(guān)系存在。以C5T2P3為例,scientists worried that English had neither the 30 ………… nor the 31 ………… to express their ideas……30題與31題構(gòu)成一對(duì)并列,對(duì)應(yīng)原文找到兩個(gè)使用相同動(dòng)詞的詞First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to……可知答案即為technical vocabulary與grammatical resources。

  四、動(dòng)詞原則

  動(dòng)詞原則是最難使用的原則,一般用于冠詞原則、介詞原則無(wú)法解決的題目。動(dòng)詞原則的本質(zhì)就是抓動(dòng)詞的對(duì)應(yīng)性,猜測(cè)動(dòng)詞有相應(yīng)的對(duì)應(yīng)。以C9T4P1為例,第10題Marie and Irene Curie developed X-radiography which was used as a medical technique for 10……….,利用定位詞X-radiography定位至原文語(yǔ)句……to the development of the use of X-radiography, including the mobile units which came to be known as ‘little curies’, used for the treatment of wounded soldiers,利用介詞原則將答案鎖定在treatment與soldiers之間,進(jìn)一步判斷就需要應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原則。由于題目與文中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞used,因此判斷used as a medical technique對(duì)應(yīng)等于文中used for the treatment,因此排除法得出正確答案soldiers。

  以上就是關(guān)于雅思閱讀填空題高分自學(xué)攻略,希望可以給大家在備考的過(guò)程中帶來(lái)幫助。