必學(xué)的口譯技巧之詞匯與語法
在歷年的口譯考試中,考生們往往可以比較輕松地通過筆試,可通過口試的人卻寥寥無幾,其原因主要是大家沒有掌握一定的口譯技巧。因此,本文主要為大家來分享必學(xué)的口譯技巧之詞匯與語法,希望對考生們有所幫助。
一、詞匯與語法
1、重復(fù)
重復(fù)的原因:
a.爭取更多的喘息、掙扎和思考的時(shí)間;
b.便于聽眾的理解。
2、 重復(fù)實(shí)義詞
e.g. 但是這個(gè)事件非常重要,向全世界發(fā)出一個(gè)信息, 就是中國政府不會為一個(gè)金融企業(yè)還債。
But this incident is of great significance, for it has sent a signal, a message to the entireworld, that is, the Chinese government will not repay the debts for the financial institution orfinancial firm.
3、 重復(fù)不定式符號
e.g. 所以我們今后要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè),加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村廣大市場的開發(fā)。
So, in the future we intend to increase and step up the construction of infrastructure and toexplore and open up the vast market in the rural areas.
4、 重復(fù)介詞
e.g. 美國沒有簽署關(guān)于種族隔離、種族歧視、禁止酷刑、歧視婦女等公約。
The United States has failed to sign a series of human rights conventions, for example, onapartheid, on racial discrimination, on the prohibition of torture, and on discriminationagainst women.
5、 重復(fù)連接詞
e.g. 只要我們高理論的旗幟, 在以黨中央的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下, 緊緊地依靠全國人民群眾,我相信本屆政府將無往而不勝。
As long as we hold high the great banner of? Theory and as long as we have theleadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade? at the core and as longas we rely totally on the entire Chinese people, then the current government will be able tosurmount any difficulty and will greet, will usher in success and triumph one after another.
6、重述
此處指跨句的重復(fù)。
e.g. 美國在亞洲大力推行資本的過分流動,促成了危機(jī)的發(fā)生。 而在危機(jī)發(fā)生以后通過國際金融組織給它貸款。
The United States actually played a part for promoting the overflow of capital in Asia. That isprompting the eruption of the crisis in Asia. And after the eruption of the crisis, theinternational financial institutions have come out to extend loans to these countries.
二、添加文字
1、 so as to
e.g. 我們愿意同美方共同努力, 排除一切干擾, 排除各種障礙,以把一個(gè)健康、穩(wěn)定的中美關(guān)系帶入下一個(gè)世紀(jì)。
We are prepared to work together with the US side to remove all kinds of interferences orobstacles so as to/(NOT to) bring a sound and stable China-US relationship into the nextcentury.
2、 in terms of
e.g. 您剛才提到勒一季度的工業(yè)增長情況。
Just now you mentioned the progress that has been made in the first quarter of this year, interms of the growth rate of industrial production.
3、 year
e.g. 中國加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控的政策是在1993年。
It was in the year 1993/in the year of 1993 that China stepped up its policy of macro-regulation and control.
4、 year’s time
e.g. 這個(gè)任務(wù)(分流政府機(jī)構(gòu)工作人員)要在3年內(nèi)完成。
We plan to cut half of the working staff working in the government institutions in three years’ time.
三、省略文字
理論依據(jù):
? 漢語多使用種類詞
? 漢語多使用動詞,英語多使用名詞、介詞作為動作
e.g 您有什么樣的方法可以加快中國電訊市場的競爭步伐?
What measures do you plan to adopt to accelerate the competition in the telecom sector inChina?
e.g. 我想這樣的文章的出現(xiàn)也反映澤現(xiàn)在美國的那一段潮流。
I think the emergence of such an article has reflected the anti-China wave that has emerged inthe US.
四、漢英對應(yīng)詞的處理
不要被以為是對應(yīng)詞的思路所阻礙了!
1、有=there be?
e.g. 另外, 有些日本人比較擔(dān)心中國的核試驗(yàn)。請您談一談這些問題。
And another question is some people in Japan are worried about China’s nuclear test.
出現(xiàn)= appear?
e.g.但是這兩年來,國內(nèi)的市場出現(xiàn)了相對的飽和。
However, over the past two years the domestic market has been relatively saturated.
2、 是=be? 前后不等值
e.g. 過快地要求一個(gè)國家開放它的資本市場,過分的資本流動性, 往往是欲速則不達(dá)。
To urge a country to liberalize or open its capital market too quickly or to ask or to request anover of capital in a country would only result in what we say “more haste, less speed”.
3、 使、讓
理論依據(jù):漢語中不及物動詞較多, 例如:使、讓等;而英語中多及物動詞。我們不要一看到漢語中的不及物動詞就自動翻譯成:make, let 等。(這點(diǎn)在晁艷和陳怡的譯文中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn))
e.g. 我們已經(jīng)確定了我們在三年左右的時(shí)間里要使大多數(shù)國有大、中型企業(yè)擺脫困境。
We have decided to lift most medium and large-sized SOEs enterprises from current difficultsituations in about three years’ time.
e.g. 最讓您不滿的是什么?
What dissatisfied you most?
4、 不能
不能=cannot?
e.g. 香港已經(jīng)回歸了, 澳門很快也要回歸, 我想完全地實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國統(tǒng)一的問題中不能無限期地拖下去吧。
The realization of the complete reunification of the motherland of China, in my view, should notbe delayed indefinitely.
5、 去年(今年)… 月
理論依據(jù):假如在7、8月份以后(含7月份)的時(shí)候說當(dāng)年的一月,應(yīng)該為:last January
換言之,周三說:last Monday, 老外自己也搞不清楚是本周一還是上周一。
e.g. 我們同美國在今年一月已經(jīng)回復(fù)了中斷4年之久的有關(guān)問題的磋商。
In January of this year, we resumed the human rights dialog with the US, which had beensuspended for 4 years.
e.g. 去年5月份以后,中印關(guān)系收到了損害。
Last May, Sino-Indian relations have been undermined.
五、 簡化詞尾變化
理論依據(jù):中國學(xué)生難以避免主謂不一致的問題。
1、 簡化為 will be (have)
e.g. 我不知道在座諸位有沒有耐心聽我講下去。
I wonder whether all of you present today will have the patience to listen to me.
e.g. 朱總理的這次訪美的主要目的是增進(jìn)了解。
The major objective of Premier Zhu’s visit to the US will be to enhance mutualunderstanding.
2、–s; -ing
理論依據(jù):中國學(xué)生難以避免第三人稱不加s的問題,中國學(xué)生不太容易犯be doing 的錯(cuò)誤。
e.g. 他們幾次反復(fù)地說,印度方面現(xiàn)在并不認(rèn)為中國對印度構(gòu)成威脅。
They have repeatedly stated that at present India does not think China is posing a threat toIndia.
3、 避免使用動詞
理論依據(jù):中國學(xué)生容易在動詞的形式上犯錯(cuò),因此可使用某些縮略的方法來規(guī)避這些問題。
e.g. (問題是這種債務(wù)是不是該由政府來償還?)當(dāng)然不應(yīng)該。
The answer is of course negative.
Of course not.
六、 漢語動詞的處理
理論依據(jù):漢語動詞多于英語。同時(shí),漢語的很多動詞長得很像不及物動詞,而英語中多及物動詞。解決辦法如下:
a. 添加賓語
b. 轉(zhuǎn)用英語名詞
e.g. 在這個(gè)問題上我重復(fù)了這么多遍以后, 我今天實(shí)在不想再講了。
After repeating so many times on the question of human rights, I am really very reluctant totalk about it any more today.
e.g. 我只是說,經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、金融的開放必須要有宏觀調(diào)控, 要根據(jù)每個(gè)國家的具體情況實(shí)行不同的宏觀調(diào)控的政策。
What I want to say is that the economic development and the financial liberalization must beaccompanied with the macro-regulation and control policy; and different policies of macro-regulation and control should be adopted according to the specific conditions of differentcountries.
七、 漢語代詞轉(zhuǎn)為英語實(shí)詞
漢語不怕重復(fù);換言之,英語害怕重復(fù)。但是這是針對筆譯而言。在口譯中,可能情況剛好相反,即當(dāng)漢語使用代詞時(shí),英語反而使用實(shí)詞來重述前面的詞語。
e.g. 去年中國之所以能夠避過了亞洲金融危機(jī)的影響, 那就是因?yàn)槲覀冊?993年已經(jīng)發(fā)生了這種金融危機(jī), 信號我們在它還沒有擴(kuò)大的時(shí)候就把它制止住了。
The reason why China has managed to avoid the effect of the Asian financial crisis last year wasthat we already experienced such a kind of financial crisis in 1993. and fortunately wemanaged to check such a a financial crisis befoe it spread.
上述就是為大家分享的必學(xué)的口譯技巧之詞匯與語法,相信大家看了以上這些內(nèi)容對此也會有一些了解,接下來就抓緊備考,順利通過口譯考試。
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