在雅思考試的四個(gè)單項(xiàng)中，閱讀部分是題型相對(duì)多樣化的一個(gè)科目。要想提高自己的閱讀能力，掌握方法很重要。下面是小編給大家分享的幾個(gè)雅思閱讀技巧，大家可以作為參考。

　　一、掃讀(Scanning)

　　掃讀采用跳讀的方法，其目的是把握文章細(xì)節(jié)，有針對(duì)性地從文章中迅速找出所需的關(guān)鍵信息。通過(guò)掃讀技巧的運(yùn)用，可以較快地定位問(wèn)題的答案。在經(jīng)過(guò)掃讀定位答案后，必須對(duì)重點(diǎn)信息進(jìn)行精讀，從而找到正確答案。不要在無(wú)關(guān)信息或陌生單詞詞組上花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間。在閱讀考試過(guò)程中，時(shí)間把握是至關(guān)重要的。請(qǐng)參考以下題型：

　　TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

　　1. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin's ability as a student of chemistry.

　　2. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.

　　3. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.

　　以上三題是雅思閱讀中最常見的細(xì)節(jié)題(判斷)。通過(guò)題干上的具體信息，包括人名，專業(yè)名詞、機(jī)構(gòu)和職業(yè)，我們可以通過(guò)掃讀的方式在段落中迅速定位到這些幾乎不會(huì)被替換的目標(biāo)信息。請(qǐng)參考原文：Cambridge9 Test1 Passage1

　　Paragraph 2

　　......As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist's enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.

　　Paragraph 3

　　At the time of Perkin's enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin's scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann's attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann's youngest assistant......

　　通過(guò)掃讀定位詞我們將目標(biāo)信息定位在文章的第二和第三段，并可以預(yù)判出前三題大致的信息分布位置，所以掃讀技巧有助于考生們?cè)诖痤}時(shí)先獲得“位置感”，從而避免了因無(wú)法找到信息而產(chǎn)生的緊張焦慮。

　　二、略讀(Skimming)

　　略讀采用速讀的方法，其目的是為在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握文章段落的主旨大意，辨識(shí)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解故事背景或論文的中心論點(diǎn)。略讀技巧在雅思閱讀考試中主要用于主旨配對(duì)題(List of Headings)，尤其是在某些首尾句意思不明確，且無(wú)法首尾呼應(yīng)的復(fù)雜段落中，這項(xiàng)技巧特別適用。請(qǐng)參考以下題型：Cambridge7 Test1 Passage2

　　List of Headings

　　i.Scientists' call for a revision of policy

　　ii.An explanation for reduced water use

　　iii.How a global challenge was met

　　iv.Irrigation systems fall into disuse

　　v.Environmental effects

　　vi.The financial cost of recent technological improvements

　　vii.The relevance to health

　　viii.Addressing the concern over increasing populations

　　ix.A surprising downward trend in demand for water

　　x.The need to raise standards

　　xi.A description of ancient water supplies

　　Paragraph D

　　The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes – often with little warning or compensation – to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20% of all freshwater fish species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers[ underground stores of water] are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions.

　　概括本篇文章D段的主旨頗有難度。開頭前兩句分別出現(xiàn)了health和Tens of millions of people的信息，很容易迷惑考生去選vii或viii兩項(xiàng)，但是段落中根本沒(méi)有重復(fù)出現(xiàn)關(guān)于health和people之類的信息，并且首尾句內(nèi)容也不呼應(yīng);因此需要考生們把握整段的主要內(nèi)容，即該段重復(fù)提到的相關(guān)信息。速度段落中間的細(xì)節(jié)信息，我們可以提取出重復(fù)信息，即魚類、河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、土壤質(zhì)量和地下含水層等幾乎都受到破壞，所以通過(guò)對(duì)以上信息加以概括，我們就不難得出本段內(nèi)容都涉及到環(huán)境(Environmental)，故答案選v.Environmental effects。另外，我們?cè)谒俣缺径沃饕獌?nèi)容是會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有irrigation practices這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)說(shuō)到了灌溉系統(tǒng)對(duì)土壤的破壞，因此很容易誤選iv.Irrigation systems fall into disuse這個(gè)看似很有道理的選項(xiàng);但是這僅僅是環(huán)境影響的一部分，不能看作是概括整段的主旨，屬于斷章取義，以偏概全。

　　總之，以上兩種主流閱讀技巧對(duì)考生們提出了不同的要求，即掃讀定位細(xì)節(jié)信息，略讀把握主旨大意。除此之外，我繼續(xù)向大家介紹另外兩種閱讀“小技巧”，幫助考生們?cè)诖痤}時(shí)“隨機(jī)應(yīng)變”。

　　三、指代關(guān)系(Matching References)

　　指代詞又稱“紐帶詞”，它們連接了前后句，使句意串聯(lián)了起來(lái)，從而起到了“承上啟下”的作用。因此，在找到定位詞的前提下，我們不妨關(guān)注其前后句中指代詞的存在，另辟蹊徑將文中的解題信息延伸下去。指代詞的常見表達(dá)形式有it/this/that/these/those/some等。所以，我們來(lái)分析一下這些指代詞在不同題型中發(fā)揮的“紐帶”作用。

　　請(qǐng)參考以下例題：Cambridge 8 Test1 Passage 3

　　Flaw

　　Positive results could be produced by factors such as 34______ or 35______.

　　這兩題屬于表格填空。我們可以將Flaw和Positive results作為定位詞，在文中找到大致位置;另外，通過(guò)空格前的such as可以判斷兩題的詞性都是名詞，且并列關(guān)系。請(qǐng)參考原文：

　　Paragraph 4

　　The implication was that the ganzfeld method had revealed real evidence for telepathy. But there was a crucial flaw in this argument – one routinely overlooked in more conventional areas of science. Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' – where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver – to outright fraud.

　　定位詞可以在段落中輕松找到原詞，但positive results所在句子中不能找到一組并列關(guān)系的名詞;而后面一句的主語(yǔ)these則指代了之前的positive results，所以句意便得到了延伸。通過(guò)該句中的詞組ranged from...to...，我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其中所包含的兩個(gè)對(duì)象sensory leakage和outright fraud屬于產(chǎn)生積極結(jié)果的因素，即是正確答案。

　　請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆焕篊ambridge 12 Test8 Passage 2

　　18. According to the author, what distinguishes rewilding from other environmental campaigns?

　　A. Its objective is more achievable.

　　B. Its supporters are more articulate.

　　C. Its positive message is more appealing.

　　D. It is based on sounder scientific principles.

　　本題屬于較復(fù)雜的細(xì)節(jié)題(單選)。題干信息提出了一個(gè)對(duì)比，即rewilding(放歸)和environmental campaigns(環(huán)?；顒?dòng))間的區(qū)別，所以distinguish是我們?cè)陬}干中要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的詞。請(qǐng)參考原文：

　　Paragraph 6

　　Rewilding is a rare example of an environmental movement in which campaigners articulate what they are for rather than only what they are against. One of the reasons why the enthusiasm for rewilding is spreading so quickly in Britain is that it helps to create a more inspiring vision than the green movement's usual promise of 'Follow us and the world will be slightly less awful than it would otherwise have been.'

　　第六段整段介紹了rewilding(放歸活動(dòng))的特點(diǎn)。首先，該活動(dòng)的參與者會(huì)表明自己所支持的事物，這僅僅告訴我們其傳遞了正能量;其次又提到了該活動(dòng)在英國(guó)很受歡迎，這些只是一個(gè)籠統(tǒng)的概念，并非對(duì)比。此時(shí)，就需要考生能更細(xì)心地發(fā)現(xiàn)句中用的指代詞it,將其與rewilding聯(lián)系起來(lái)，再通過(guò)后面的比較級(jí)形式a more inspiring vision than(一個(gè)比...更鼓舞人心的愿景)，符合了題干中的distinguish，該信息符合C選項(xiàng)中的positive、more appealing(更吸引人)。

　　四、單詞理解(Words Understanding)

　　詞匯理解是閱讀考試的基本功，也是提高閱讀速度的關(guān)鍵因素之一。具備一定的詞匯量不但有助于細(xì)節(jié)信息的準(zhǔn)確理解，而且有助于段落主旨的總體把握。在閱讀過(guò)程中難免遇到生詞，因此掌握推測(cè)的方法是閱讀中的必要技能，并幫助考生突破答題瓶頸。詞義推測(cè)可以通過(guò)多種方法進(jìn)行，筆者這里主要介紹一項(xiàng)最便于考生們理解的方法，即前后并列關(guān)系利用。

　　請(qǐng)參考以下例題：Cambridge 9 Test2 Passage 3

　　YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

　　NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

　　NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

　　35. If you think in an iconoclastic way, you can easily overcome fear.

　　Paragraph 6

　　The problem with novelty, however, is that it tends to trigger the brain's fear system. Fear is a major impediment to thinking like an iconoclast and stops the average person in his tracks. There are many types of fear, but the two that inhibit iconoclastic thinking and people generally find difficult to deal with are fear of uncertainty and fear of public ridicule......

　　以上就是小編為大家分享的“雅思閱讀答題技巧詳解”，希望可以給大家在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)過(guò)程中帶來(lái)幫助，如果需要了解更多的雅思英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)資訊，可以登錄滬江網(wǎng)。