在近幾年的雅思考試中，填空題一直都是雅思閱讀的主角。本篇雅思培訓(xùn)中，滬江小編將和大家談?wù)勅绾慰焖俟タ搜潘奸喿x中的填空類題型，供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。

　　顧名思義，填空題就是從原文中挑選一個(gè)單詞，一個(gè)短語或者一個(gè)數(shù)字填到題目的空格當(dāng)中。填空題在雅思閱讀中的體現(xiàn)主要是以下幾種形式：1. 填空型summary; 2. 填空型sentence completion; 3. 簡(jiǎn)答題short-answer questions。滬江老師將就以上三大種不同的類型，為考生們講解考試中應(yīng)對(duì)的策略。

　　一、填空型摘要summary

　　何為摘要題呢?考生們遇到的摘要通常是在essay剛開始的時(shí)候，出現(xiàn)的只言片語，而這樣的只言片語可以對(duì)你之后的文章進(jìn)行一個(gè)有效的概括。所以，摘要部分不會(huì)很長(zhǎng)，以小的段落為主。

　　E.g.1C4T2P1

　　Questions 1-4

　　Complete the summary below. Choose No More Than Two Words from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

　　There are currently approximately 6,800 language in the world. This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical 1….. But in today’s world, factors such as government initiatives and 2…… are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their 3…. This has been encouraged though programmes of languages classes for children and through ‘a(chǎn)pprentice’ schemes, in which the endangered language is used as the medium of instruction to teach people a 4….. Some speakers of endangered languages have even produced writing systems in order to help secure the survival of their mother tongue.

　　E.g. 2C4T3P3

　　Questions 37-40

　　Complete the summary of paragraph G below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

　　A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37______. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38_______. The length of time the process takes will affect the 39_______ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40________of those who speak the language concerned.

　　看到以上兩個(gè)例子，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，填空型summary就是根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，選填詞匯或者短語到段落當(dāng)中。而考生們最糾結(jié)的問題無非是：此類題型如何進(jìn)行快速定位?定位之后如何快速獲取正確答案?

　　1. 如何進(jìn)行快速定位?

　　考生們?cè)谶M(jìn)行詳細(xì)定位時(shí)，可以對(duì)該段落的大致定位范圍作出預(yù)判，例如定位到原文中的位置大概是某個(gè)段落，還是整篇文章，這也就是我們經(jīng)常說的“大定位”。一般來說，有這樣幾點(diǎn)可以幫助考生定位：summary的題目要求，summary是否分段，summary是否具有小標(biāo)題，summary題目數(shù)量的多少，特殊名詞的標(biāo)記，核心名詞。具體來說：

　　A. Summary題目要求中直接給出段落的題目自然是最好。如以上e.g.2, 直接告知考生定位到原文中的范圍--G段。類似的還有C4T4P2的24-27題，直接告知考生定位到原文中的最后兩段。遇到這種情況，暗自偷笑的同時(shí)，考生們應(yīng)該靜下心來，準(zhǔn)備劃取關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行下一步的小定位了。

　　B. 可惜的是，絕大多數(shù)題目都是沒有直接告知你定位段落的，這個(gè)時(shí)候只能更進(jìn)一步去看一些細(xì)節(jié)。第二點(diǎn)，建議考生關(guān)注的是summary是否存在分段?如果摘要部分分成多段進(jìn)行，一般在原文中對(duì)應(yīng)著原文中的多個(gè)段落，考生們?cè)诙ㄎ粫r(shí)注意該規(guī)律，如：C5T2P1的1-3題就是這樣一個(gè)例子。

　　C. 再者，除了以上兩條規(guī)律之外，考生們還可以關(guān)注一下，該summary段落是不是具有小標(biāo)題。一般來說，如若summary含有小標(biāo)題，則其topic與該passage不完全吻合，只是文章中的一小部分。所以，定位到原文中的位置，一般也就是某個(gè)或者某幾個(gè)段落了。

　　D. 如若上文提到的條件，summary均不符合，這個(gè)時(shí)候考生可以大致看一下題目數(shù)量：題目數(shù)量較多(≥4)，一般定位范圍是整篇文章，而如果題目數(shù)量較少，一般定位范圍也是文章中的某個(gè)段落。

　　E. 除此之外，考生們可以觀察該段落中是否含有特殊詞匯，如數(shù)字，大寫，斜體，引號(hào)之類的詞，幫助大致圈定定位范圍。

　　F. 基本上，根據(jù)以上五條規(guī)律已經(jīng)能夠幫助大家快速定位了。如果真有那么“變態(tài)”—難以定位的題目的話，考生們只能“老老實(shí)實(shí)”地劃取核心詞，去文章中尋讀(scanning)了。

　　2. 定位之后如何快速獲取答案?

　　一旦你在原文中找到所對(duì)應(yīng)的句子的時(shí)候，你需要把題目中的帶有空格的句子與原文中的句子進(jìn)行比較，尋找突破口。根據(jù)滬江的老師研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們?cè)趕ummary中所填單詞一般為名詞或者名詞短語，所以你在原文中尋找的突破口一般來講都是名詞。而當(dāng)你再次回顧到題目要求的時(shí)候，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的字眼：Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.也就是說，對(duì)于你到原文中尋找的答案又給了限定：如字?jǐn)?shù)要求，如原文挑選(即不需考慮替換的問題)。一句話總結(jié)：所缺即所得，忽略動(dòng)介詞。

　　3. 真題演練：

　　E.g. C4T3P3 Questions 37-40

　　Complete the summary of paragraph G below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

　　A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37______. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38_______. The length of time the process takes will affect the 39_______ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40________of those who speak the language concerned.

　　附上原文G段內(nèi)容：

　　G. A representative sample of language, complied for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. ①A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; ②others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, though either introspection or experimentation.

　　解析：該題首先根據(jù)題目預(yù)判定位范圍--G段，然后劃取核心名詞回到原文進(jìn)行定位。37題中很容易可以劃取關(guān)鍵詞linguist和corpus兩個(gè)名詞，回到原文中定位到G段①句，而把兩句話進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所填內(nèi)容均為動(dòng)介詞短語，且兩個(gè)短語之間相互同義替換，原文中的make statement about和題目中的comment on都可以表示評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)判的含義，而它們的修飾詞unbiased表示沒有偏見的，則與objective(客觀的)交相呼應(yīng)。而接下來的38題則更為容易，題目中出現(xiàn)的以some…others…相連接的句子，兩者之間形成對(duì)比，而定位到原文之后發(fā)現(xiàn)所對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容為句②，而根據(jù)空格是單數(shù)或者單數(shù)名詞(通過冠詞A來判斷)，名詞短語范圍縮小到：collection of material和particular linguistic feature, 再根據(jù)動(dòng)介詞短語，focus on與deal only with的同義替換，確定答案為后者。39題和40題道理類似，考生們可以先自行練習(xí)，等待滬江老師的下回分解。

　　二、其他填空類題型(如句子填空sentence completion, 簡(jiǎn)答題short-answer questions)

　　有了以上summary的解題技巧，其他類型的填空題就很容易了。因?yàn)樗^的句子填空(sentence completion)就是把summary中的句子單獨(dú)列出來出題。我們先前講的技巧，仍然適用，而題目與題目之間的順序原則也是適用的。所以，該類題目，考生們可以一起練習(xí)，總結(jié)做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

　　下面，滬江老師各舉幾個(gè)例子，帶考生們?cè)俅稳シ治鲆幌?，雅思考試中常出現(xiàn)的“填空題”。

　　e.g. sentence completion

　　C5T4P3

　　Complete the sentences.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

　　Q34 Day length is a useful cue for breeding in areas where ______ arepredictable.

　　原文對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容：Breedingin most organisms occurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cueis needed to trigger breeding behavior. Day length is an excellent cue, becauseit provides a perfectly pattern of change within the year. In the temperatezone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day, but day lengthincreases steadily by a predictable amount.

　　解析：所填空格內(nèi)容充當(dāng)?shù)氖菑木渲械闹髡Z，且謂語動(dòng)詞為are,因而所填的空格內(nèi)容一定為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者名詞短語。劃取核心名詞為關(guān)鍵詞，如day length, 如cue, 確定原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的句子為：Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly pattern of change within the year.答案應(yīng)該在該句附近?！安恍摇钡氖?，該句中不存在復(fù)數(shù)名詞。所以，這個(gè)時(shí)候考場(chǎng)中的你只能繼續(xù)往下讀，尋找答案?！靶疫\(yùn)”的是，在下一句中，你就會(huì)遇見“柳暗花明又一村”：temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day。復(fù)數(shù)名詞出現(xiàn)了，且其狀態(tài)為fluctuate波動(dòng)，與題目中的predictable相得益彰。

　　e.g. 簡(jiǎn)答題short-answer questions

　　C4T1P2 Q22-23

　　Q22 Which of the senses is described here as being involved in mating?

　　解析：根據(jù)mating定位到第二段，“This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species.” Courtship ritual即mating, 因此往前看到這段的主題是sense of touch, 因此答案為sense of touch。

　　Q23 Which species swims upside down while eating?

　　解析：根據(jù)upside down while eating定位到第四段，“Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward.”而這句話中的species就是freshwater dolphins, 只用eating替換了feeding, 很容易找到答案。在這里一定要記住雅思高頻詞匯species, 意思為物種。

　　以上就是滬江小編為大家分享的雅思閱讀填空題應(yīng)該如何攻克，相信考生們讀完筆者的這篇文章之后，對(duì)于填空類題型的恐懼應(yīng)該早已拋到九霄云外了吧。當(dāng)然，有了技巧之后，進(jìn)行具體的真題演練就變得尤為重要了。