口譯時(shí)常碰到發(fā)言人頗有文采地(或?yàn)槿谇①e主關(guān)系)引用對(duì)方國(guó)家的古典詩(shī)詞和經(jīng)典佳句。此時(shí)如果譯員平時(shí)不注意提高自己的文學(xué)素養(yǎng)就可能陷入困境。為了避免面對(duì)這樣尷尬的鏡框，平時(shí)訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候要學(xué)習(xí)一些常用熟語(yǔ)和引語(yǔ)的同時(shí)，培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確而靈活的、解釋性翻譯的能力。

　　熟語(yǔ)翻譯

　　心照不宣：Give it an understanding but no tongue.

　　畫蛇添足：to paint the lily

　　好高騖遠(yuǎn)：to aim at the moon

　　撿了芝麻，丟了西瓜：Penny wise, pound foolish

　　塞翁失馬，焉知非福：a blessing in disguise

　　一個(gè)不成熟的想法：a green thought

　　引語(yǔ)翻譯

　　有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)，不亦樂乎：It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.

　　生于憂患，死于安樂：(As the ancient motto goes,) one prospers in worries and hardship, and perishes in ease and comfort.

　　在我當(dāng)總理以來(lái)，我心里總默念著林則徐的兩句詩(shī)：“茍利國(guó)家生死以，豈因禍福避趨之”: I will do whatever to serve my country at the cost of my life regardless of fortune and misfortune.

　　說(shuō)起臺(tái)灣，我就很動(dòng)情，不由得想起了一位辛亥革命的老人、國(guó)民黨元老于右任在他臨終前寫過(guò)的一首哀歌：“葬我于山上兮，望我大陸，大陸不見兮，只有痛哭。葬我于山上兮，望我故鄉(xiāng)，故鄉(xiāng)不可見兮，永不能忘。山蒼蒼，野茫茫。山之上，國(guó)有殤?！保篧hen Taiwan is mentioned, lots of feelings well up. I can’t help thinking of the late Mr. Yu Youren, a founding member of Guo Ming Dang, and participant of the revolution of 1911. He wrote a poem to express his grief over national division. He wrote such a poem: bury me on the highest mountain top so that I can get a sight of my mainland, mainland I see none, tears of sorrow cascade; bury me on the highest mountain top so I can get a glimpse of my hometown, hometown I see none, but it lived forever in my mind. The lofty sky is deeply blue, the vast openness not seen through, oh, boundless universe,would you hear me, and this elegy of this nation?

　　十四、技術(shù)性話題(Interpreting Technical Speeches)

　　譯員常被戲稱為“萬(wàn)金油”，意指什么領(lǐng)域都懂一點(diǎn)，但又不是專家。這也表明了譯員必須涉獵廣泛，在很短的三五天里通過(guò)上網(wǎng)搜索、閱讀相關(guān)材料從而達(dá)到相當(dāng)于演講者的知識(shí)水平。其實(shí)，譯員并沒有什么天才基因，可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握“863”計(jì)劃頂尖技術(shù)或三聚氫胺的分子構(gòu)成，只不過(guò)他們知道發(fā)言人和聽眾都是“心有靈犀”的業(yè)內(nèi)人士，需要的只是一些連接術(shù)語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系而已，這樣譯員在了解相關(guān)背景知識(shí)以及工作程序后，也能很好地起到橋梁作用。當(dāng)然，應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生最好盡量熟悉話題，有條件的還應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)方向作深入研究獲推薦有專業(yè)背景的人來(lái)做這一話題。例如：

　　原文：

　　1、中醫(yī)認(rèn)為，陰與陽(yáng)存在于人體內(nèi)，相互作用，互為依存。根據(jù)中醫(yī)的哲學(xué)觀，陰陽(yáng)兩者對(duì)立制約，互根互用，消長(zhǎng)平衡，相互轉(zhuǎn)化。陰陽(yáng)平衡是健康的要素，陰陽(yáng)失衡會(huì)影響健康，導(dǎo)致疾病。因此，中醫(yī)十分重視調(diào)節(jié)陰陽(yáng)以保平衡。

　　2、We were aboard two US Air Force craft that flew at night from the United Kingdom to Israel, then back through the Azores to Florida. The path allowed us to observe the meteors—some no bigger than agrain of sand—from an altitude of 11-and-a-half kilometers. Images of the meteors were fed through infrared spectrographic-instruments that can detect the unique chemical fingerprints of complex organic molecules of the type that may have seeded life on earth.

　　譯文：

　　1、The TCM science maintains that yin and yang, (the two opposing and complementary principles in nature,) exist in human body, mutually functional and dependent. According to the philosophical view of TCM, the two aspects of yin and yang are mutually promoting, proportionally changing with the decrease of one resulting in, or from, the increase of the other, and mutually transformational. The balance of yin and yang is essential for the maintenance of good health. And if the balance is upset, health will be hurt and illness will develop. Therefore, TCM pays close attention to the effort of regulating yin and yang and maintaining an appropriate balance between the two.

　　2、我們乘坐兩架美國(guó)空軍的飛機(jī)，晚上從英國(guó)飛往以色列，然后經(jīng)過(guò)亞速爾群島，飛回佛羅里達(dá)，這條航線使我們能夠從11500米的高度觀察流星雨，有些流星微小如沙。流星顆粒被攝入紅外線攝譜儀，它能探測(cè)到那種可能在地球上播種生命的復(fù)雜有機(jī)分子的獨(dú)特化學(xué)痕跡。

　　想成為一名優(yōu)秀的翻譯人員，平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練是必不可少的，只有積累得多了，才能在正式場(chǎng)合下少出問題。上面這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)大家要好好練習(xí)，反復(fù)琢磨，領(lǐng)會(huì)其中的含義。滬江小編希望大家在瞬息萬(wàn)變的考試或者口譯現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，能夠發(fā)揮出自己最大的能力。