Section A

Conversation 1

Cathy: Hi, my name's Cathy, nice to meet you.

John: Nice to meet you too Kathy, my name's John. I'm a university friend of the bride. What about you? Who do you know at this party?

Cathy: I am a colleague of Brenda. I was a little surprised to be invited to be honest. We've only been working together the last six months, but we quickly became good friends. (1) We just wrapped up a project with a difficult client last week. I bet Brenda is glad it's done with, and she can focus on wedding preparations.

John: Oh, yes. So you are Cathy from the office. Actually I've heard a lot about you in that project, the client sounded like a real nightmare.

Cathy: Oh, he was, I mean we deal with all kinds of people on a regular basis, it's part of the job, but he was especially particular. Enough about that, what line of work are you in?

John: Well, right out of college I worked in advertising for a while. Recently though, I turn my photography hobby into a small business. (2) I'll actually be taking photos during the big event as a wedding gift.

Cathy: That sounds wonderful and very thoughtful of you. I bake, just as a hobby. (3) But Brenda has asked me to do the cake for the wedding. I was a bit nervous saying yes because I'm far from a professional.

John: Did you bake the cookies here at the party tonight?

Cathy: Yes, I got the idea from a magazine.

John: They're delicious! You've got nothing to worry about. You are a natural.

Cathy: You really think so?

John: If you hadn’t told me that. I would have guessed they were baked by the restaurant. (4) You know, with your event planning experience you could very well open your own shop.

Cathy: (laughing) One step at a time. First, I'll see how baking the wedding cake goes. If it's not a disaster, maybe I'll give it some more thought.

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1. What did Cathy and Brenda finished doing last week?

C) A project with a troublesome client.

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2. What is John going to do for Brenda?

A) Take wedding photos.

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3. How did Kathy feel when asked to bake the cake?

B) Nervous.

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4. What does the man suggest the woman do?

A) Start her own bakery.

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解析：

本篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的兩人在婚禮上剛認(rèn)識(shí)，主要談?wù)摰氖歉髯栽诿Φ墓ぷ鳎约八麄優(yōu)楸敬位槎Y所做的貢獻(xiàn)。4道問(wèn)題的答案在對(duì)話全文均勻分布在男女兩人說(shuō)的話中，利用答案提示詞but可以定位到第3題的答案，其他3題需要借助關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)進(jìn)行定位和選擇。

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Conversation 2

M: You are heading for a completely different world, now that you are about to graduate from high school.

W: I know it’s the end of high school, but many of classmates are going on to the same university, and we are still required to study hard. So what’s the difference?

M: (5) Many aspects are different here at the university. The most important one is that you have to take more individual responsibility for your actions. It’s up to your own self-discipline—how much efforts you put into study. Living in college dormitories, there are no parents to tell you that study harder or stop wasting time. Lectures have hundreds of students and they are not going to follow you up or question you if you miss the lectures.

W: Nobody cares you mean?

M: It’s not that nobody concerned about you, (6) it’s just that suddenly at the university you are expected to behave like an adult. That means concentrating on the direction of your life in general and your own academic performance specifically.

W: For example…?

M: Well, like you need to manage daily, weekly and monthly schedules, so that you study regularly. Be sure to attend all classes and leave enough time to finish your assignments and prepare well for examinations.

W: Ok, and what else is different?

M: Well, in college there are lots of distractions, and you need to control yourself. You will make interesting friends, (7) but you need only keep the friends who respect your students’ commitments. Also, there are a lot of wonderful clubs, but you shouldn’t allocate too much time to club activities, unless (8) they are directly related to your study. It’s also your choice if you want to go out at night, but you will be foolish to let that affect class performance during the day.

W: Well, I’m determined to do well at the university and I guess I’m going to have to grow up fast.

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5. What does the man say about college students as compared with high schoolers?

C) They have to be more responsible for what they do.

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6. What are college students expected to do according to the man?

D) Behave like adults.

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7. What kind of friends does the man suggest the woman make as a college student?

B) Those who respect her student commitments.

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8. What kind of club activities should college students engaging according to the man?

D) Those conductive to their academic studies.

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解析：

本篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話主要是男士給女士建議，告訴她大學(xué)和高中有什么區(qū)別，并在與人交往以及社團(tuán)活動(dòng)方面給出相關(guān)建議。做長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的題目需要利用好問(wèn)答原則，本篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話基本是女士提問(wèn)，男士回答，所以主要去關(guān)注男士說(shuō)的話。利用表強(qiáng)調(diào)的短語(yǔ)，the most important，可以定位到第5題的答案；利用答案提示詞but可以解出第7題；利用答案提示詞also和but可以定位到第8題的答案。

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Section B

Passage 1

(9) Most successful people are unorthodox persons whose minds wonder outside traditional ways of thinking. Instead of trying to refine old formulas, they invent new ones. When Jean-Claude Killy made the French national ski team in the early 1960s, he was prepared to work harder than anyone else to be the best. At the crack of dawn, he would run up the slopes with his skis on, an unbelievably backbreaking activity. In the evening, he would do weightlifting and running. But the other team members were working as hard and long as he was. He realized instinctively that simply training harder would never be enough. Killy then began challenging the basic theories of racing technique.

Each week, he would try something different to see if he could find a better, faster way down the mountain. (10) His experiments resulted in a new style that was almost exactly opposite the exact technique of the time. It involved skiing with his legs apart for better balance and sitting back on the skis when he came to a turn. He also used ski poles in an unorthodox way--to propel himself as he skied. The explosive new style helped cut Killy's racing time dramatically. (11) In 1966 and 1967, he captured virtually every major skiing trophy. The next year, he won three gold medals in the Winter Olympics, a record in ski racing that has never been topped. Killy learned an important secret shared by many creative people: innovations don't require genius, just a willingness to question the way things have always been done.

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9. What does the speaker say about most successful people?

A) They break away from traditional ways of thinking.

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10. What does the speaker say about Killy's experiments?

B) They resulted in a brand-new style of skiing technique.

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11. What is said to be Killy's biggest honor in his skiing career?

C) He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics.

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解析：

本篇短文主要講的是，法國(guó)著名滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)員Jean-Claude Killy發(fā)揮創(chuàng)新精神，創(chuàng)造了新的滑雪技巧，取得多場(chǎng)滑雪賽事的金牌，獲得了成功。出題點(diǎn)都是本文的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。做首題第9題需要關(guān)注好開(kāi)頭；做第10題需要關(guān)注研究結(jié)果（短文常考點(diǎn)），并利用答案提示詞also來(lái)幫助定位。

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Passage 2

Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guinea pig, a small furry animal. Emotional upsets generate powerful and deadly toxic substances. (12) Blood samples taken from persons experiencing intense fear or anger when injected into guinea pigs have killed them in less than two minutes. Imagine what these poisonous substances can do to your own body.

(13) Every thought that you have affects your body chemistry within a split second. Remember how you feel when you are speeding down the highway and a big truck suddenly brakes twenty meters in front of you. A shock wave shoots through your whole system. Your mind produces instant reactions in your body.

The toxic substances that fear, anger, frustration and stress produce not only kill guinea pigs but kill us off in a similar manner. (14) It is impossible to be fearful, anxious, irritated and healthy at the same time. It is not just difficult, it is impossible. Simply put, your body’s health is a reflection of your mental health. Sickness will often then be a result of unresolved inner conflicts which in time show up in the body.

(15) It is also fascinating how our subconscious mind shapes our health. Do you recall falling sick on a day when you didn’t want to go to school? Headaches brought on by fear? (15) The mind-body connection is such that if, for example, we want to avoid something, very often our subconscious mind will arrange it. Once we recognize that these things happen to us, we are half way to doing something about them.

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12. What happens to guinea pigs when blood samples of angry people are injected into them?

D) They die almost instantly.

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13. What does the speaker say about every thought you have?

A) It has an instant effect on your body chemistry.

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14. What does the speaker say is impossible?

D) To enjoy good health while in dark moods.

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15. What does the passage say about our mind and body?

A) They are closely connected.

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解析：

本篇短文主要講的是對(duì)豚鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)，研究結(jié)果表明，無(wú)論情緒還是潛意識(shí)，都對(duì)身體健康有很大的影響。尤其是消極情緒，對(duì)身體健康會(huì)產(chǎn)生極強(qiáng)的破壞作用。做首題12題需要關(guān)注開(kāi)頭；做短文題，利用好答案提示詞also和for example可以定位到第15題的答案。

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Section C

Recording 1

(16) Teachers and students alike have experienced the curious paradox that beginners, as a rule, tend to think too little about what they are doing because they think too much about what they are doing. Take for example people who are learning to play basketball or the piano. They have to give so much thought and attention to the low-level mechanics of handling the ball or fingering the keys or reading the music, that they are unable to give any thought to the thing that matters – the game, or the music, respectively. With experts, it’s just the other way around. They are open to the tactical possibilities and the musical challenges precisely because they are freed, through skill, from the need to pay attention to the low-level details of how to play. Indeed, when the expert pays attention to the mechanics, this is liable to disrupt performance.

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This has led some to say that the expert operates in a zone ‘beyond thought’, in a state of flow. But this is misleading. Expert performance is not beyond thought. (17)Smart basketball players or skilled musicians need to pay close attention to the demands of high performance, to the challenges to be overcome. What they don’t need to do – what would be a distraction – is to have to think about where their fingers are, or how to control the ball while running. It’s not mechanics, but the play itself, that absorbs the experts’ intelligence. A nice video published online last month sheds light on (18) expertise and the conscious mind. The video reports a new study using an eye-tracking device. It turns out that the less-skilled pianist spends more time looking at her fingers than does the expert who, in contrast, is more likely to be looking at the sheet music, or looking ahead at keys he’s not yet playing. In general, the expert’s gaze was calmer and more stable.

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This is not a surprising finding. It supports what we might almost think of as conventional wisdom. But it’s remarkable for all that, nonetheless. The eye tracker gives expert and learning performers a glimpse into what they do without thinking about it. The topic of the nature of skill – and the differences between beginners and experts – has been one of considerable discussion in cognitive science and philosophy.

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16. What does the speaker say about beginners and expert pianists?

B) They focus their attention on different things.

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17. What do smart basketball players do according to the speaker?

D) They attach great importance to high performance.

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18. What do we learn about the new study published in an online video?

C) It supports a piece of conventional wisdom.

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解析：

本篇講座主要講的是高手和新手之間的區(qū)別，新手更專注具體的、細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)操作方法，而高手致力于優(yōu)化宏觀的表現(xiàn)。做首題需要關(guān)注開(kāi)頭；做第17題，需要利用好答案提示詞but進(jìn)行定位；做第18題，需要關(guān)注研究的結(jié)果，通過(guò)it turns out that引出（短文和講座，研究的目的和結(jié)果都是?？键c(diǎn)，需要尤其關(guān)注）。

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Recording 2

Every summer when I top up my selection of summer outfits from the department stores, my eyes would nearly pop out of my head.(19)I’m overwhelmed with the wide range of different slimming products each year. And more shockingly, these products are often advocated by very slim models. Having lived in Asia for almost ten years now, I’ve seen various dieting tips come and go. I remember in Japan people heading directly to the food section in the supermarket when the banana diet was at its peak. Then, there was the black tea and oolong tea diet followed by the soybean diet and the tomato juice diet. The list goes on and on.

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Apart from what people eat, I’ve also seen many interesting slimming products. In Hongkong, I’ve seen girls wrapping their whole body or both legs up with a special type of slimming tape which is supposed to help make them thinner.(20)But it just reminded me of the roasted ham my mother usually puts on the dinner table of Christmas. Then there were the face slimming rollers that were said to improve your blood circulation and make your face smaller. Personally,(20)I do not believe in any of these slimming gadgets. And I think I have a very different perspective when it comes to the definition of what is beautiful. Asian women prefer to avoid the sun because being pale or white is considered beautiful, whereas a tanned complexion is considered much more beautiful and sexy in the west.(21)It is most certainly shaped by a person’s culture as well as how they were raised in their childhood. As each summer season approaches, there’s no escape from it.

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But it’s not only women who are affected by this pressure to look good. Men aspire to be able to show off their six packs or their V-shape backs and there’s a growing market of slimming pills aimed at men too. I think no matter what diets we follow or what slimming products we obsess ourselves with, at the end of the day there’s no magic trick to shape up for the summer. Eat in a balance way and incorporate the right level of physical activity. For me, this still seems to be the best plan.

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Questions 19-21

19. What overwhelms the speaker when she buys her summer outfits each year?

D) The great variety of slimming products.

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20. What does the speaker think of girls wrapping their legs up with slimming tape?

B) They appear strange.

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21. What does the speaker think affects people’s interpretation of beauty??

A) Culture and upbringing.

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解析：

本篇講座講話主要講的亞洲人追求身材苗條，并且也崇尚皮膚白皙，這和歐美完全相反，這種現(xiàn)象是由文化差異導(dǎo)致的。做第19題，需要關(guān)注開(kāi)頭；做第21題，需要關(guān)注現(xiàn)象的原因（原因和目的都是?？键c(diǎn)，需注意）。

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Section C

Recording 3

Skin may seem like a superficial human attribute, but it is the first thing we notice about anyone we meet. As a zoologist focusing on the studies of apes and monkeys,(22) I’ve been studying why humans evolved to become the naked ape, and why skin comes in so many different shades around the world.

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We can make a very good estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skin around a million and a half years ago. And meanwhile, they mostly lost their coat of fur. Today, we have a few patches of hair remaining on various parts of our bodies. But compared with apes and monkeys, we have very little. Basically, we turned our skin darker to serve as a natural sun-protector in the place of the hair we lost. (23) We think we lost this hair because of the need to keep ourselves cool, when we were moving around vigorously in a hot environment. We can’t really lose heat by breathing quickly and loudly like dogs. We have to do it by sweating. So we evolved the ability to sweat plentifully, and lost most of our fur.

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Most animals protect themselves from the sun with fur. (24) What we did in our ancestry was to produce more permanent natural coloring in our skin cells. This was really an important revolution in human history, because it allowed us to continue to evolve in equatorial environments. It really made it possible for us to continue along the path toward modern humans in Africa.

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For most of the human history, we all had dark skin. What we see today is the product of evolutionary events, resulting from the dispersal of a few human populations out of Africa around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. Our species originated around 200,000 years ago, and underwent tremendous diversification, culturally, technologically, linguistically, artistically, for 130,000 years. After that, a few small populations left Africa to populate the rest of the world. These early ancestors of modern Eurasians disperse into parts of the world that had more seasonal sunshine and much lower levels of sun radiation. (25) It’s in these populations that we begin to see real changes in the genetic makeup of natural coloring.

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Today, skin color is evolving via new mixtures of people coming together and having children with new mixtures of skin color genes. We can see this in almost every large city worldwide. Not only the coloring genes, but lots of other genes are getting mixed up, too.

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Questions 22 – 25:

22. What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A) The relation between hair and skin.

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23. What had probably caused humans to lose most of their hair one and a half million years ago?

B) Adaptation to the hot environment.

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24. What does the speaker say protected early humans from the sun?

C) The skin coloring. ?

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25. What happened after humans migrated from Africa to other parts of the world?

A) The genetic makeup began to change.

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解析：

本篇講座主要講的是，為了適應(yīng)生存，人類的毛發(fā)和皮膚發(fā)生了相應(yīng)的改變，產(chǎn)生了進(jìn)化。比如，為了適應(yīng)高溫環(huán)境，人類蛻去了大部分的毛發(fā)；為了降低暴曬對(duì)皮膚的傷害，人類的膚色產(chǎn)生變化。做首題第22題需要關(guān)注開(kāi)頭；做第23題需要利用好答案提示詞because of和so；做第25題，需要利用好答案提示句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it's … that …來(lái)進(jìn)行定位。