2019.04.20

周六 Saturday

adapt?/?'d?pt/?

v. 適應(yīng)

圖片來(lái)源：視覺(jué)中國(guó)

Probiotics?are sold to us as 'good' bacteria that help balance out 'bad' varieties of microbes camping out in our gut. But a new experiment on mice has shown how our microbial allies can evolve into traitorous backstabbers that risk causing damage to our guts.
益生菌作為一種“好”細(xì)菌被賣(mài)給我們，它能幫助我們平衡腸道中各種“壞”微生物。但在老鼠身上的一項(xiàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，我們的微生物盟友是如何進(jìn)化成可能對(duì)我們的腸道造成損害的背叛者的。

"If we're going to use living things as medicines, we need to recognise that they're going to?adapt, and that means that what you put in your body is not necessarily what's going to be there even a couple hours later," says pathologist and biomedical engineer Gautam Dantas.
病理學(xué)家兼生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程師Gautam Dantas說(shuō):“如果我們要把生物作為藥物來(lái)使用，我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到它們會(huì)適應(yīng)環(huán)境，這意味著在體內(nèi)呆了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的東西不一定和你放入身體的東西是一個(gè)?！?/div>

"There is no microbe out there that is immune to evolution."
“沒(méi)有一種微生物對(duì)進(jìn)化免疫?！?/div>

Dantas?led?a?team?of?researchers?from?the?University?of?Washington?who?evaluated?a?bacterium?marketed?to?help?combat?diarrhoea:?EcN.
丹塔斯和他所帶領(lǐng)的來(lái)自華盛頓大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)，評(píng)測(cè)了一種被營(yíng)銷(xiāo)能用于對(duì)抗腹瀉的細(xì)菌:EcN。

To evaluate the potential of EcN's evolution after it's swallowed, the research team used mice specially bred to be completely germ free.
為了評(píng)估EcN被吞食后的進(jìn)化潛力，研究小組使用了完全無(wú)菌的特殊培育小鼠。

The test subjects were divided into four groups, each with a distinct gut microbiome. One was left completely sterile; the other three were given microbiomes reflecting various healthy and unhealthy states.
實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象被分成四組，每組都有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的腸道微生物群。一個(gè)完全無(wú)菌;另外三組給予反映各種健康和不健康狀態(tài)的微生物群落。

Each group was dosed with EcN and then fed one of the following options - boring old lab mouse chow, a more natural mouse-friendly diet, a Westernised diet high in fats and sugars, and a Westernised diet that had some fibre added.
每一組都被給予EcN，然后喂食以下選項(xiàng)之一——乏味的一般實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠糧，更自然的老鼠友好型飲食，高脂肪和高糖的西式飲食，以及添加了一些纖維的西式飲食。

Five?weeks?later,?the?mice?had?their?guts?examined.?Those?happy?little?E.?coli??It?turns?out?they?weren't?all?quite?as?friendly?as?they?had?been?on?their?way?in,?especially?in?guts?that?had?to?deal?with?less?than?healthy?diets.
五周后，檢查了老鼠的腸道。還是那些快樂(lè)的小大腸桿菌？事實(shí)證明，它們并不都像剛來(lái)的時(shí)候那么友好，尤其是那些處于不得不應(yīng)對(duì)不健康的飲食的腸道里的。

Inside mouse guts filled with westernised foods, EcN had accumulated mutations that helped them cope with stress and make use of all of those carbohydrates to hang around longer than intended.
在裝滿西式食物的老鼠腸胃中，EcN累積突變以應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，和利用所有這些碳水化合物來(lái)比預(yù)期的逗留時(shí)間呆更久。

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今日詞匯

adapt?/?'d?pt/?

v. 適應(yīng)

?

這個(gè)詞表示主動(dòng)的“通過(guò)改變自己而適應(yīng)……”，也可以表示“改變別的東西并使其適應(yīng)……”，兩種都與?to?連用：

We have to adapt quickly to the new system.
我們不得不迅速適應(yīng)新制度。

These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
這些樣式可以根據(jù)個(gè)人口味來(lái)修改。