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首段

好的開頭是高分作文必不可少的要素，是吸引閱卷老師注意的關(guān)鍵。通過分析近十年的四六級(jí)高分作文，我們歸納出了四六級(jí)作文首段常用的寫作方法。具體如下：

▌現(xiàn)象闡釋法

現(xiàn)象闡釋法指的是直接就題目進(jìn)行簡單描述，給出自己的理解。這是現(xiàn)象解釋型和問題解決型作文最常用的一種方法。

現(xiàn)象闡釋法的結(jié)構(gòu)素材主要分為兩種：

描述現(xiàn)象/圖片?

1. Recently, the rise in the problem of ______ has aroused public/wide concern.
近來， ______問題的增加已經(jīng)引起了公眾/廣泛的關(guān)注。

2. Recently, the issue of ?______ has been brought into focus/brought to public attention. 近來， ______問題已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。

3. The problem of ?______ has caused wide concern over recent years.
近年來， ______問題已經(jīng)引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。

4. With the rapid growth of ______ , ?______ ?have/has become increasingly important in our daily life.
隨著 ______的快速增長， ______在我們的日常生活中已經(jīng)變得越來越重要。

5. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to ______ .
如今，人們?cè)絹碓揭庾R(shí)到 ______的必要性。

6. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/be aware that ______. 如今，越來越多的人開始意識(shí)到 ______。

7. After a good many years of enthusiasm for ______ , people begin to ______ .
熱衷于 ______多年之后，人們開始 ______。

8. One of the burning/pressing questions/problems facing/confronting our nation/society today is ______ . 我們的國家/社會(huì)今天面臨的緊迫問題之一是 ______。

9. With ?______ playing an increasingly important role in ______ , more and more ______ . 隨著在 ______中的作用日益重要，越來越多的 ______。

10. Whenever you see/find ______ , you can't help being shocked/surprised at ______ . 每當(dāng)看到/發(fā)現(xiàn) ______的時(shí)候，你會(huì)不禁為 ______感到震驚/驚訝。

11. As the bar chart shows, the number of ?______ has dramatically increased/decreased during the ?______ years from ______ to ?______. 如柱狀圖所示， ______的數(shù)量從 ______年到 ______年 ______年之間急劇增加/減少。

12. From the graph, we know the statistics of ?______ and ______ . It can be seen easily that ?______.
從圖表中我們可知 ______和 ______的數(shù)據(jù)。我們可以很容易地看出 ______。

13. From the bar chart, it is clear that between ? ______and ______ ?the amount of ?ranged from ? ______to ______ . 從柱狀圖中可以清楚地看到，從 ______到 ______， ______的數(shù)量在 ______到 ______之間變化。

14. As the bar chart shows, great changes concerning ?______ took place between ?______ and ______ .
柱狀圖表明，從 ______到 ______， ______發(fā)生了很大的變化。

15. As can be seen in the graph, ? ______ saw great changes in ______ between ?______ and ______ .
從圖表可知，在 ______到 ______之間， ______發(fā)生了巨大變化。

16. The cartoon vividly depicts ______. ?這幅漫畫生動(dòng)地描述了 ______。

17. As is described in the picture, ______ . 如圖中所描述的， ______。

18. As is vividly indicated in the above drawing/picture, ?______ .
如上圖生動(dòng)地描述的那樣，______。

19. The drawing, thought-provoking as it is, does mirror a social phenomenon that ______ . 這幅發(fā)人深省的圖畫的確反映了這樣一個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象： ______。

20. In the cartoon presented to us, ?______. Obviously, what the cartoon ?illustrates/reveals is ______ .
在展現(xiàn)給我們的圖片中， ______。顯然，該圖片說明/揭示的是 ______。

21. As is symbolically depicted in the drawing above, ?______. Although the drawing is designed simply, it does reveal that ______ .
正如上圖象征性地描繪的一樣， ______。雖然該圖很簡單，它確實(shí)反映了 ______。

22. As is vividly illustrated in the cartoon, ?______ . The central point of this cartoon is that ______. 正如漫畫中生動(dòng)展示的， ______。該漫畫的主旨是 ______。

引出觀點(diǎn)?

1. This picture demonstrates one of the basic theories of philosophy:______ .
這幅圖片展現(xiàn)了哲學(xué)的一個(gè)基本理論：______。

2. Such a picture draws attention to the fact that______ .
這樣一種畫面吸引我們注意到這樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)：______。

3. The purpose of the drawing is to show us that ______.
這幅畫是為了向我們展示______。

4. The painter reminds us of a common social phenomenon: ______.
畫的作者提醒了我們一個(gè)普遍的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象：______。

▌?dòng)^點(diǎn)引入法

引入法是觀點(diǎn)論證型作文常用的一種方法。該方法開門見山地提出主題，并逐漸引出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。觀點(diǎn)引入法常用素材有：

引出觀點(diǎn)

1. “______” is a proverb full of logic, which has been generally accepted.
“______”是一個(gè)非常有道理的諺語，被人們普遍接受。

2. As the old saying goes, “ ______.” It tells us that ______.
古語道：“______?！痹撝V語告訴我們______。

3. When it comes to ______ , some think/hold/believe that ______. Others argue that the opposite is true. 當(dāng)提及______時(shí)，有人認(rèn)為______。其他人則認(rèn)為事實(shí)恰好相反。

4. There is a public/general debate/discussion today/nowadays on/over/as to the problem/issue of ______. 如今，有一場關(guān)于______問題公開的/普遍的爭論/討論。

5. When asked whether it is advisable to ______, different people have different things to say. 關(guān)于______是否明智這個(gè)問題，不同的人有不同的看法。

6. People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.
關(guān)于______，人們的觀點(diǎn)因人而異。

7. Some people propose such a question:______ . 許多人提出這樣一個(gè)問題：______。

8. Different people hold different views about______ .
對(duì)于______，不同的人有不同的看法。

9. Faced with______ , quite a few people think that______ , but others conceive of it differently. 面對(duì)______，許多人認(rèn)為______，但是其他人則持有不同的觀點(diǎn)。

引出觀點(diǎn)中的道理

1. It tells us that ______. 它告訴我們______。

2. It reminds us that ______. 它提醒我們______。

3. It means that ______. 它意味著______。

4. This proverb reflects ______. 該諺語反映了______。

5. The truth of this saying is ______. 這句話的真相是______。

6. Personally, I stand on the side of ______. 就個(gè)人而言，我支持 ______。

7. As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the opinion that ______.
就我而言，我贊同______的觀點(diǎn)。

8. I agree that priority should be given to ______. 我贊同______具有優(yōu)先權(quán)的觀點(diǎn)。

▌問題引入法

問題引入法是觀點(diǎn)論證型和現(xiàn)象解釋型作文最常用的一種方法。本方法以問句開篇，更引人入勝。問題引入法常用素材如下：

1. We are often shown/told these days that ______. But is this really the case?
近來我們經(jīng)常聽說______。但情況真的如此嗎？

2. In recent years, there is a general tendency to ______. According to a study______, ?last year. Why ______?
近年來，有一個(gè)______的總體趨勢。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，去年______。為什么______？

3. These days we are often told that ______. But is that true?
最近，我們經(jīng)常聽說______。但是，那是真的嗎？

4. These days we often hear about ______. But is this really the case?
最近，我們經(jīng)常聽說______。但是，事實(shí)真是如此嗎？

5. “Why do______ ?” Many people often ask questions like this.
“為什么______?”許多人經(jīng)常問這樣的問題。

6. Should ______? Opinions of/Attitudes toward ______ vary widely from person to person. 應(yīng)該這樣嗎？不同的人對(duì)______有不同的觀點(diǎn)。

7. What do you think of ______? Your answer to the question will reflect ______.
你怎么看______? 你對(duì)這個(gè)問題的答案會(huì)反映______。

8. “Why ______?” Of all the questions/complaints I have heard, this is the one most frequently voiced.
“為什么______?”在我聽到的所有問題/抱怨中，這是最經(jīng)常聽到的一個(gè)。

9. When asked about______ , the overwhelming majority of/many people say/think/believe/answer that ______. But ______.
當(dāng)被問及______時(shí)，大多數(shù)/許多人認(rèn)為/回答______。但是______。

10. Nowadays, it is commonly/widely/generally believed/thought/held that ______, but I wonder/doubt that ______. 如今，人們普遍認(rèn)為______。但是我懷疑______。

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中間段

一般來講，真正決定作文表達(dá)效果的還是中間段。為了緊扣題意，增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，中間段的寫作可采用以下三種方法：

▌列舉法

列舉法是四級(jí)寫作中常用的方法，一般用first, second等一系列標(biāo)志詞引出原因或者可能的影響等。列舉法常用的素材有：

引出列舉

1. There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/can explain ______. 也許有一些因素造成/可以解釋______。

2. There are probably three/many/several/a variety of reasons for this dramatic/significant increase/decline in ______.
引起______顯著增長/下降的原因有三個(gè)/許多/幾個(gè)/很多。

3. Some reasons can explain this trend. 一些原因可以解釋這一趨勢。

4. Why ______ ?為什么______？

5. The causes of ______ are varied. They include______ , perhaps the main cause is ______. 造成______的原因有很多，包括______,主要原因可能是______。

6. The reason for this is not far to seek. 這一問題的原因不難發(fā)現(xiàn)。

7. It is no easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors. 要找出這一現(xiàn)象的原因并非易事，因?yàn)樗婕叭舾蓮?fù)雜的因素。

8. There are numerous reasons why ______, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. ______的原因有很多，這里我只想探討其中幾個(gè)最重要的原因。

9. There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon, and the following are the typical ones. 導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象的原因有很多，以下是其中比較有代表性的。

10. There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I regard the following as the typical ones. 有很多原因可以解釋該問題。就我而言，我認(rèn)為以下原因比較典型。

11. A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in the change of ______. 引起______變化的因素有很多。

分條列舉

1. In the first place, ______. In the second place______ .
首先，______。其次，______。

2. First,______ . Second, ______ . 首先，______。其次，______。

3. To begin with, ______. Secondly, ______. Last but not least, ______.
首先，______。其次，______。最后但并不是最不重要的，______。

4. The first reason is that ______. The second one is ______. The third is ______. 第一個(gè)原因是______。第二個(gè)原因是______。第三個(gè)原因是______。

5. First of all, ______. Secondly,______ . Furthermore,______ .
首先，______。其次，______。另外，______。

6. For one thing, ______. For another, ______.
一方面,______。另一方面，______。

7. Firstly, ______. Secondly, ______. Thirdly, ______.
首先，______。其次，______。再次，______。

8. Another reason why I disagree with the above statements is that I believe______.
我不同意上述觀點(diǎn)的另一個(gè)原因是我認(rèn)為______。

▌對(duì)比法

對(duì)比法是指通過對(duì)比兩種截然不同的觀點(diǎn)來陳述其中的利弊，從而得出自己的結(jié)論。對(duì)比法常用的素材有：

1. The advantages gained in ______ outweigh/are much greater than the advantages we gain from ______. 從______中獲取的優(yōu)勢遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過我們從______中獲取的。

2. ______ bear(s) a close/striking resemblance to ______.
______與______極為相似。

3. On the one hand, ______. On the other hand, ______.
一方面，______。另一方面，______。

4. Similarly/Likewise/In the same way,______ . 同樣，______。

5. Although ______ enjoy(s) a distinct advantage, ______.
盡管______有明顯優(yōu)勢，但是______。

6. Many students like ______. Among them there are two different attitudes to ______. Some of them think that . Others, however, dont think so. They feel that ______. 許多學(xué)生喜歡______。關(guān)于他們有兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)。有人認(rèn)為______。而另外一些則不贊同這種看法。他們認(rèn)為______。

7. Nothing/Few things can approach/equal/match ______. 沒有什么能與______相比。

8. Indeed, ______ carries more weight than ______when ______ is concerned.
的確，就______而言，______的重要性要超過______。

9. Serious as the problem may be, it pales into insignificance by comparison with . 這個(gè)問題可能很嚴(yán)重，但與相比就微不足道了。
10. In comparison/contrast, . 比較而言/對(duì)比起來，。
11. Indeed/Certainly, ______ play(s) a more/less important role when compared with ______. 當(dāng)然，與______相比，______的影響要大/小得多。

12. Despite the fact that most of them like ______, I would like to choose to ______.
盡管有許多人喜歡______，我還是傾向于______。

13. When the advantages and disadvantages are compared/weighed, the conclusion/finding is quite obvious/self-evident. 比較一下優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，結(jié)論就不言而喻了。

14. There is no consensus among people as to ______. Some people suggest that ______, while others argue that ______. I agree with the latter/former.
人們并未就______達(dá)成一致意見。一些人建議______，而另一些人則爭辯說______。我贊成后者/前者。

15. People differ greatly in their attitudes toward this problem. Some maintain that ______. Others, on the contrary, hold the opinion that ______. Personally, I stand on the side of ______. 人們對(duì)于這個(gè)問題的態(tài)度差異很大。有人認(rèn)為______。與此相反，另外一些人認(rèn)為______。就我個(gè)人而言，我站在______這一邊。

16. For most people today, ?______have/has become their main source of ______. But as for me, ?______should be regarded as a better source. 如今大多數(shù)人將______作為______的主要來源。但就我而言，______應(yīng)被看作一種更好的來源。

17. ______may be superior to ______, but it poses problems for those who ______. ______可能比______更好一些，但它會(huì)給那些______的人帶來問題。

18. Different people have different ideas about ______. Some people take it for granted that ______. On the contrary, some other people think ______.
關(guān)于______的觀點(diǎn)因人而異。有人想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為______。相反，其他人則認(rèn)為______。

19. This case has aroused echoes throughout the country with more and more people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely. Those who criticize/oppose/object to/are against it argue/hold that ______, but people who advocate/support/are for it maintain/assert/claim that ______. 隨著越來越多的人加入它的行列，這一事件已經(jīng)在全國引起了巨大反響。然而，人們對(duì)此的觀點(diǎn)卻迥然不同。反對(duì)者認(rèn)為______，但支持者則宣稱______。

20. People differ in their opinions on ______. Some of them believe that ______, while others deem that .
人們對(duì)______持有不同的看法。有些人認(rèn)為______,而有些人則認(rèn)為______。

21. Many surveys show that people in increasing numbers are beginning to realize that ______. Meanwhile, many people still live under the traditional idea that ______. 許多調(diào)查顯示，越來越多的人開始意識(shí)到______。同時(shí)，仍有許多人持傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為______。

▌舉例法

所謂舉例法，是指以恰當(dāng)?shù)氖吕齺碜糇C自己的觀點(diǎn)，例子應(yīng)該典型、精煉。舉例法常用素材有：

1. From my everyday experience and observation I can list several examples that defend the statement that ______.
根據(jù)我的日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)和觀察，我可以舉出幾個(gè)例子來證明______。

2. ?There are many instances supporting my opinion. 有許多例子可以證明我的觀點(diǎn)。
3. ?Perhaps the most important example of ______ is ______.
有關(guān)______的最重要的例子可能是______。

4. ?A case in point is ______. 一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦邮莀_____。

5. ?Take ______ for example. 以______為例。

6. ?This is a concrete example that ______. 這是一個(gè)有關(guān)______的具體例子。

7. Nothing could be more obvious/apparent than the evidence that ______.
再?zèng)]有比______更明顯的例子了。

8. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the example of ______.
要說明這個(gè)問題，______是一個(gè)最好的例子。

9. The latest surveys conducted by ______ show/reveal/demonstrate/indicate that ______. 由______開展的最新調(diào)查顯示______。

10. ?No one can deny the fact that . ______沒有人可以否認(rèn)______的事實(shí)。

11. Talking about ______, the first thing that may occur to you and me seems to be ______. 說到______，我們首先想到的似乎就是______。

12. A common example, which is frequently cited, is ______.
一個(gè)被普遍引用的例子是______。

13. Instances of the same sort might be quoted easily, but this will be sufficient to show that ______. 類似的例子不勝枚舉，但這一個(gè)就足以說明______。

14. ?History abounds with the example of ______. 歷史上有許多______方面的例子。

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末段

末段一般是總結(jié)全文，照應(yīng)題目，點(diǎn)明主旨，深化中心。簡潔、有力的末段可以為文章錦上添花。末段的寫作可嘗試使用以下四種方法：

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▌歸納總結(jié)法

歸納總結(jié)法指的是以文章前面的論述為依據(jù)，引出或重申文章的中心思想或結(jié)論。歸納總結(jié)法常用素材有：

1. To sum up, ?______can benefit us tremendously if correctly used.
總而言之，如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，______會(huì)讓我們受益匪淺。

2. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______.
因此，不難得出以下結(jié)論：______。

3. Recognizing the fact that ______ will lead us to conclude that ______.
承認(rèn)______這一事實(shí)，我們能得出以下結(jié)論：______。

4. The evidence upon all sides supports/confirms/leads to a conclusion that ______.
各方面的證據(jù)支持/表明/得出這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論：______。

5. From what has been discussed above/Based on the points discussed above, we can draw/arrive at the conclusion that ______.
綜上所述，我們能得出如下結(jié)論：______。

6. In summary/conclusion/a word, it is important that we should ______.
總之，我們應(yīng)該______，這一點(diǎn)很重要。

7. Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that______ .
考慮到所有因素，我們得出結(jié)論：______。

▌名言引用法

名言引用法是指引用古今中外名人的名言警句來證明論點(diǎn)。名言引用法常用素材有：

1. The saying ______ has been widely accepted throughout the world. 名言______在世界范圍內(nèi)被普遍接受。

2. “______.” We are used to hearing such words like those. “______?！?我們常常聽到這樣的說法。

3. “______.” Such is the opinion of a great man. This remark has been confirmed time and time again by many historical events. “______。”
這是一位偉大的人物的觀點(diǎn)。該言論已經(jīng)被許多歷史事件反復(fù)驗(yàn)證。

4. As the proverb goes, ______ . 正如諺語______所說。

5. There is an English proverb which says that ______. 有一個(gè)英語諺語______。

6. There is an old saying, “______.” It is the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
古語道：“______?！边@是前輩的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但在今天許多情況下也適用。

7. “______” is the opinion held by______ . This remark has been confirmed time and again by more and more people. ?“______”是______的觀點(diǎn)，而且被越來越多的人反復(fù)證實(shí)。

▌提出建議法

提出建議法是指對(duì)所討論的問題提出建設(shè)性的意見或者解決問題的具體方法。提出建議法常用素材有：

1. It might be time to hear the warnings of______ .
該是聽聽一些______的警告的時(shí)候了。

2. It is time that we put/urged an immediate end to the undesirable situation/tendency of ______. 該是結(jié)束______這種討厭的情況/趨勢的時(shí)候了。

3. Therefore, in order to ______, effective means should be taken to ______.
所以，為了______，必須采取有效措施來______。

4. ?It is high time that______ . Here are some of the things that might be taken up immediately. 該是______的時(shí)候了。這里有幾項(xiàng)措施可以立即著手執(zhí)行。

5. It is suggested that the government should make efforts to ______.
人們建議政府應(yīng)該做出努力去______。

6. In short/In any case, we should/ought to/must ______.
總之/無論如何，我們應(yīng)該/必須______。

7. Awareness of the seriousness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.
意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重性是解決問題的第一步。

8. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most important is ______. Another way is ______.
盡管問題不能立即得到解決，但是還是有方法。最重要的是______。還有______。

▌?lì)A(yù)測展望法

預(yù)測展望法是指預(yù)測某一現(xiàn)象的發(fā)展趨勢或某一措施的深遠(yuǎn)影響。預(yù)測展望法常用素材有：
1. The significance of ?______cannot be overvalued. ______的意義重大。

2. What will happen to ______? Nobody really knows. But one thing is certain: ______. ______會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情？沒有人確切知道。但有一件事可以肯定：______。

3. Following these suggestions may not guarantee success, but the payoff might be worth the effort. It will not only benefit ______ but also benefit ______.
也許這些建議并不能保證取得成功，但是值得一試。它不但會(huì)造福______，而且也會(huì)使______受益。

4. To reverse the trend is not a light task. It requires a good awareness of ______.
要想扭轉(zhuǎn)這一趨勢并非易事。這需要充分意識(shí)到______。

5. People are coming to realize the importance of ______. Some have begun to try their best to ______. We believe that ______.
人們開始意識(shí)到______的重要性。許多人已經(jīng)開始竭力______。我們相信_(tái)_____。

6. It is clear/obvious/evident/apparent that ______. Therefore, the task of ______ requires/demands/involves ______.
很顯然，______。因此，要完成______的任務(wù)必須______。

7. With the improvement of ______, ?______will prove to hold great superior over ______. 隨著______的改善，______將證明比______更具優(yōu)越性。

8. ?There is a growing tendency for people these days to ______, which I believe will not change in a short time.
現(xiàn)在，人們______的趨勢正在增加，而且我認(rèn)為短時(shí)間內(nèi)這種趨勢不會(huì)改變。

9. If everyone is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
如果人人都愿意為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)，社會(huì)將變得越來越美好。

10. Anyhow, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ______. 不管它的作用是積極的還是消極的，可以肯定的是它必將______。

11. Whatever you do, please remember the saying ______. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
不管你做什么，請(qǐng)記住這句老話：______。只要你懂得它的意思，并將其應(yīng)用到學(xué)習(xí)或工作中，你定將受益匪淺。

12. The influence of ______ is not confined to______ . It also ______.
______的影響不僅局限于______，它還______。