Our Word of the Year for 2017 is … populism.
我們的2017年度詞匯是——民粹主義（ populism）。

Choosing our Word of the Year required looking at not only the most searched-for words, but also ‘spikes’ – occasions when a word is suddenly looked up many more times than usual on or around a particular date.
我們選擇年度詞匯不僅需要尋找搜索頻率最高的詞匯，還要記錄短時(shí)間內(nèi)搜索量急速上漲的詞匯。

On 22 January 2017, as a polarizing candidate was being sworn in as the 45th president of the United States, searches for the word inauguration on the online Cambridge Dictionaryspiked. But so did searches for the word populism because, on that same day, Pope Francis warned against a rising tide of populism in a widely reported interview with El Paisnewspaper. In mid-March, after another high-profile interview with the pontiff – this time with the German newspaper Die Zeit – searches for populism spiked again.
2017年1月22日，特朗普，這位極端候選人正式宣誓入職，成為美國第45任總統(tǒng)?！熬吐毜涠Y（inauguration）”一詞在劍橋在線詞典的搜索量空前上漲。當(dāng)天，教皇方濟(jì)各(Pope Francis)在西班牙受眾面極廣的《國家報(bào)》（El Pais）中警告民粹主義浪潮正在涌起，詞語“民粹主義（ populism）”的搜索量也飆升起來。三月中，《德國時(shí)代周報(bào)》（Die Zeit）高調(diào)采訪了一位教皇，“民粹主義”的搜索量再次驟增。

Spikes can reveal what is on our users’ minds and, in what’s been another eventful year, plenty of spikes can be directly connected to news items about politics in the US (nepotism, recuse, bigotry, megalomania) and the UK (shambles, untenable, extradite). The much-anticipated Taylor Review of working practices in the UK caused the term gig economy to spike in July, and of course the spectacular solar eclipse is reflected in the spike for eclipse on 21 August.
搜索量驟增可以反應(yīng)出搜索者的思想、一年來的重大事件。大量的搜索數(shù)據(jù)能直觀反映出政治新動(dòng)態(tài)，美國的搜索高頻詞匯有：裙帶關(guān)系（nepotism）、取消陪審員資格（recuse）、偏見（ bigotry）、自大狂（megalomania），英國有：混亂（shambles）、難維持的（untenable）、引渡（extradite）。民眾熱切期待的《泰勒評(píng)論》（ Taylor Review）關(guān)于英國工作環(huán)境的內(nèi)容致使“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)（gig economy）”一詞在7月搜索量增加。當(dāng)然，壯觀的日食后，8月21日，“日食（eclipse）”的搜索量也空前增加。

What sets populism apart from all these other words is that it represents a phenomenon that’s both truly local and truly global, as populations and their leaders across the world wrestle with issues of immigration and trade, resurgent nationalism, and economic discontent.
“民粹主義（populism）”脫穎而出是因?yàn)樗w現(xiàn)了地區(qū)和全球的真實(shí)情況，世界各地的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和人民都在努力解決移民、貿(mào)易、再次崛起的民族主義和對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)不滿等問題。

Populism is described by the Cambridge Dictionary as ‘political ideas and activities that are intended to get the support of ordinary people by giving them what they want’. It includes the usage label ‘mainly disapproving’. Populism has a taint of disapproval because the –ism ending often indicates a philosophy or ideology that is being approached either uncritically (liberalism, conservatism, jingoism) or cynically (tokenism).
劍橋字典這樣描述民粹主義：“是政治觀點(diǎn)或活動(dòng)，意在通過滿足民眾需求獲得支持”，附帶標(biāo)簽“大多數(shù)情況下為貶義”?！懊翊庵髁x（Populism）”偏向貶義，是因?yàn)橐浴爸髁x（–ism）”結(jié)尾的詞匯通常暗示著某種哲學(xué)含義或意識(shí)形態(tài)，這種哲學(xué)含義或意識(shí)形態(tài)可能是無主見的，比如，自由主義（liberalism）、保守主義（conservatism）、極端愛國主義（ jingoism），或者是憤世嫉俗的，比如表面主義（tokenism）。

Evidence from the Cambridge English Corpus – our 1.5-billion-word database of language – reveals that people tend to use the term populism when they think it’s a political ploy instead of genuine. Both aspects of –ism are evident in the use of populism in 2017: the implied lack of critical thinking on the part of the populace, and the implied cynicism on the part of the leaders who exploit it.
劍橋英語語料庫（Cambridge English Corpus）收錄了人類15億詞匯，其中有證據(jù)表明，人們會(huì)把不單純的政治手段描述為“民粹主義”。2017年“民粹主義（Populism）”一詞既體現(xiàn)了無主見（普通民眾缺乏批判性思維），又傳達(dá)了憤世嫉俗（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)該詞的使用）。

（翻譯：阿忙）

聲明：本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。