When we report someone’s words we can do it in two ways. We can use direct speech with quotation marks (“I work in a bank”), or we can use reported speech (He said he worked in a bank.)
當(dāng)我們轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話的時(shí)候，我們能有兩種說(shuō)法。我們可以用帶引號(hào)的直接語(yǔ)氣(“I work in a bank”)，或者用間接引語(yǔ)(He said he worked in a bank.)。
In reported speech the tenses, word-order and pronouns may be different from those in the original sentence.
用間接引語(yǔ)的句子，其時(shí)態(tài)、單詞順序和代詞可能會(huì)跟原句的不同。

Present simple and present continuous tenses
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

? Direct speech: I travel a lot in my job.
直接語(yǔ)氣: “I travel a lot in my job”
Reported speech:He said that he travelled a lot in his job.
間接引語(yǔ): He said that he travelled a lot in his job.
The present simple tense (I travel) usually changes to the past simple (he travelled) in reported speech.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，在間接引語(yǔ)里一般變成一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
? Direct speech:Be quiet. The baby’s sleeping.
直接語(yǔ)氣: “Be quiet. The baby’s sleeping.”
Reported speech:She told me to be quiet because the baby was sleeping.
間接引語(yǔ): She told me to be quiet because the baby was sleeping.
The present continuous usually changes to the past continuous.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般變成過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
Note
注意:
? Reported speech:“I work in Italy”
間接引語(yǔ): He told me that he works in Italy.
It isn’t always necessary to change the tense. If something is still true now – he still works in Italy – we can use the present simple in the reported sentence.
并不是任何情況下都要改變時(shí)態(tài)，如果某事現(xiàn)在還是真實(shí)的—例句中，他現(xiàn)在還在意大利工作的話，我們就能在用間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)候也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)即可。

Past simple and past continuous tenses
一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

? Direct speech:“We lived in China for 5 years.”
直接語(yǔ)氣: “We lived in China for 5 years.”
Reported speech:She told me they had lived in China for 5 years.
間接引語(yǔ): She told me they had lived in China for 5 years.
The past simple tense (we lived) usually changes to the past perfect (they had lived) in reported speech.
一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)在間接引語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常變成過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
? Direct speech:“I was walking down the road when I saw the accident."
直接語(yǔ)氣: “I was walking down the road when I saw the accident.”
Reported speech:He told me he’d been walking down the road when he’d seen the accident.
間接引語(yǔ): He told me he’d been walking down the road when he’d seen the accident.
The past continuous usually changes to the past perfect continuous.
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常變成過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

Perfect tenses
完成時(shí)態(tài)

? Direct speech:They’ve always been very kind to me.
直接語(yǔ)氣: “They’ve always been very kind to me”.
Reported speech:She said they’d always been very kind to her.
間接引語(yǔ): She said they’d always been very kind to her.
The present perfect tense (have always been) usually changes to the past perfect tense (had always been).
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)經(jīng)常變成過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
? Direct speech: “They had already eaten when I arrived”
直接引語(yǔ)：“They had already eaten when I arrived”。
Reported speech: He said they’d already eaten when he’d arrived.
間接引語(yǔ)：He said they’d already eaten when he’d arrived.
The past perfect tense does not change in reported speech.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)在變成間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)候不用變。
You can find more information about reported speech in another section.
你在另一章節(jié)里可以找到更多關(guān)于間接引語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法信息。