2017年5月CATTI二級筆譯英譯中真題解析(上)
文來自聯(lián)合國官網(wǎng)《變革我們的世界:2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)》,譯文同樣來自聯(lián)合國官網(wǎng)。
This Agenda is?a plan of action?for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all itsforms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.
本議程是為人類、地球與繁榮制訂的行動計劃。它還旨在加強(qiáng)世界和平與自由。我們認(rèn)識到,消除一切形式和表現(xiàn)的貧困,包括消除極端貧困,是世界最大的挑戰(zhàn),也是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展必不可少的要求。
點評:整體來說,聯(lián)合國文件英譯漢更加注重原文的通順,對于一些英語中特有的表達(dá),在不影響意義傳達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)上往往省去,這一點在翻譯時要特別注意,因為很多考生更多注重了所謂局部的忠實而忽略了整體譯文的平順和地道,出現(xiàn)了很多機(jī)器式譯文或者翻譯腔。
Seek to:譯文完全忽略seek一詞的本意,直取“旨在”,這已成為一種聯(lián)合國公文體式上的對應(yīng),譯者不需要自造。
universal peace in larger freedom.世界和平與自由,比較級與介詞全部省去,正所謂減詞不減含義。
forms and dimensions:dimension一詞的處理非常值得借鑒,機(jī)械地譯為維度只能造成意義的抽象和翻譯腔。
We are resolved to free the human race from thealleviation of poverty and heal and protect our planet. We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path.
我們決心讓人類擺脫貧困和匱乏,讓地球治愈創(chuàng)傷并得到保護(hù)。我們決心大膽采取迫切需要的變革步驟,讓世界走上可持續(xù)且具有恢復(fù)力的道路。
點評:
alleviation of poverty:直譯為減貧,但與free搭配顯得詞不達(dá)意,還是整體理解后進(jìn)行處理較為妥帖。
the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed,注意這三個修飾詞在譯文中的處理,bold被譯為副詞,transformative變?yōu)槊~修飾語而定語從句則變?yōu)榱诵稳菰~,三個修飾部分只翻譯出一個形容詞,符合漢語一般不羅列形容詞的習(xí)慣。這個句子的價值很高,除去注意原文的譯法之外,積累這種以形容詞來表示動詞的方法,對于提高漢譯英修飾語安排的能力具有重要意義。
本段中的heal和resilient 兩詞譯得相對比較生硬,也是原文精確達(dá)意的需要,這點也要注意,正所謂能刪則刪,不能則保留。
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda. They seek to build on?the Millennium Development Goals?and complete what these did not achieve. They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.
我們今天宣布的17個可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)和169個具體目標(biāo)展現(xiàn)了這個新全球議程的規(guī)模和雄心。這些目標(biāo)尋求鞏固發(fā)展千年發(fā)展目標(biāo),完成千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)尚未完成的事業(yè)。它們要讓所有人享有人權(quán),實現(xiàn)性別平等,增強(qiáng)所有婦女和女童的權(quán)能。它們是整體的,不可分割的,并兼顧了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的三個方面:經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和環(huán)境。
點評:
complete what these did not achieve.英語當(dāng)中的名詞性從句往往可以根據(jù)上下文處理成相關(guān)的抽象名詞,這里譯為事業(yè),是一種比較常規(guī)的手段。
achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls.此處原文為achieve搭配兩個抽象名詞的結(jié)構(gòu),而譯文則將empowerment還原為動詞,非常靈活和通順。
balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental: balance 譯為兼顧,轉(zhuǎn)譯比較靈活。
We are meeting at?a time of immense challenges?to sustainable development. Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.
我們的會議是在可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn)之際召開的。我們有幾十億公民仍然處于貧困之中,生活缺少尊嚴(yán)。
點評:
a time of immense challenges此處“之際”二字用來翻譯time,地道而妥帖
are denied a life of dignity.這里的are denied,不宜直接照搬被動,轉(zhuǎn)為“缺少”體現(xiàn)譯者的功力,同時對漢英也不乏借鑒。漢英中有時表示否定詞都可以用deny, refuse, absent, reject, deprive, prevent這類肯定形式的詞匯來處理,顯得地道、直截了當(dāng)。
There are rising inequalities within and among countries. Gender inequality remains a key challenge. Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, is a major concern. Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters,?spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades.
國家內(nèi)和國家間的不平等在增加。性別不平等仍然是一個重大挑戰(zhàn)。失業(yè)特別是青年失業(yè),是一個令人擔(dān)憂的重要問題。全球性疾病威脅、越來越頻繁和嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害、不斷升級的沖突、暴力極端主義、恐怖主義和有關(guān)的人道主義危機(jī)以及被迫流離失所,有可能使最近數(shù)十年取得的大部分發(fā)展進(jìn)展功虧一簣。
點評:
rising inequalities:“不平等在增加”英譯漢偏正結(jié)構(gòu)變主謂的手段非常常見
within and among countries.這里同樣可以譯為“國內(nèi)與國際間”,反過來就可以在漢英過程中替代domestically and internationally, home and abroad 等等,用以豐富漢英翻譯的武器庫。
?spiraling conflict,像這類的表達(dá)都屬于地道而正式的說法,需要不斷積累。
threaten to reverse:這一表達(dá)看似簡單,實則“兇險”,threaten一詞似可譯為“威脅”而reverse似可譯為“反轉(zhuǎn)”,但兩詞搭配就顯得極其生硬拗口,有經(jīng)驗的譯者絕對不會滿意于這樣“半生不熟”、似是而非的譯文,而閱卷人也往往不喜歡這類需要猜測意義的文字,也就意味著需要改變說法。實際上,問題的關(guān)鍵在于漢語不習(xí)慣用事件做為威脅的主語,因此需要轉(zhuǎn)為“有可能使或者令?!倍胺崔D(zhuǎn)”一詞幾乎也不與“發(fā)展”構(gòu)成搭配,因此轉(zhuǎn)義為功虧一簣。
Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of environmental degradation, including desertification, drought, land degradation, freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and?exacerbate?the list of challenges which humanity faces. Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development.
自然資源的枯竭和環(huán)境退化產(chǎn)生的不利影響,包括荒漠化、干旱、土地退化、淡水資源缺乏和生物多樣性喪失,使人類面臨的各種挑戰(zhàn)不斷增加和日益嚴(yán)重。氣候變化是當(dāng)今時代的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一,它產(chǎn)生的不利影響削弱了各國實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力。
點評:相對比較簡單,注意積累其中有特點的詞匯和詞組用法,包括Natural resource depletion,adverse impacts ,exacerbate the list of challenges ,undermine the ability,注意這些特定用法一定要記住整個詞組,這樣用起來會比較從容自信。
The Millennium Development Goals were agreed 15 years ago provided an important framework for development and significant progress has been made in a number of areas. But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing States, and some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off-track, in particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health.
千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)是在近十五年前商定的。這些目標(biāo)為發(fā)展確立了一個重要框架,已經(jīng)在一些重要領(lǐng)域中取得了重大進(jìn)展。但是各國的進(jìn)展參差不齊,非洲、最不發(fā)達(dá)國家、內(nèi)陸發(fā)展中國家和小島嶼發(fā)展中國家尤其如此,一些千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)仍未實現(xiàn),特別是那些涉及孕產(chǎn)婦、新生兒和兒童健康的目標(biāo)和涉及生殖健康的目標(biāo)。
點評:
some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off-track
”目標(biāo)”仍未實現(xiàn)這類的表達(dá)看似比較突兀,實則有跡可循,實際上是為了達(dá)到不重復(fù)或者強(qiáng)調(diào)時采用的求雅替換結(jié)構(gòu)。一旦明白了這一點,翻譯的時候就可以沉著應(yīng)對,刪繁就簡。
We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the Millennium Development Goals, including the?off-track?Millennium Development Goals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistance to least developed countries and other countries in special situations, in line with relevant support programs. The new Agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the mostvulnerable?countries.
我們承諾全面實現(xiàn)所有千年發(fā)展目標(biāo),包括尚未實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo),特別是根據(jù)相關(guān)支助方案,重點為最不發(fā)達(dá)國家和其他特殊處境國家提供更多援助。新議程鞏固發(fā)展了千年發(fā)展目標(biāo),力求完成沒有完成的目標(biāo),特別是幫助最弱勢群體。
點評:
recommit ourselves to the full realization of…又是一處形容詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞的譯法,注意漢英當(dāng)中有意識的應(yīng)用。
focused and scaled-up assistance:“重點”同樣可以用形容詞來呈現(xiàn),而scale-up這一用法可以簡譯為更多。
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