The present perfect tense has a number of uses.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)有許多使用方法。
1 We use it to talk about experience.
1 我們使用它討論經(jīng)驗(yàn)
?
I’ve worked in 6 different countries.
? Have you ever been to Australia?
? She’s won many awards for her books.
When these things happened is not important – the focus is on the action/state, not when it happened.
這些事情什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的并不重要,關(guān)鍵是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),而不是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的。
If we say when we had the experience, we must use the past simple.
當(dāng)我們說(shuō)我們什么時(shí)候有的這個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn),我們必須使用一般過去時(shí)。
?
I’ve visited Russia several times.
? BUT I visited Russia for the first time in 1992.
We can never use the present perfect with a time in the past.
在有過去的時(shí)間時(shí),我們不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
? I have been to Spain in 2002.
2 We also use the present perfect to talk about things that are unfinished – unfinished states and unfinished time periods.
我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表述未完成的事情——未完成的狀態(tài)和未結(jié)束的時(shí)間區(qū)間
? I’ve known him since I was 11. (unfinished state)
I met him when I was 11. I still know him now. The present perfect is acting as a bridge between the past and the present.
當(dāng)我11歲時(shí),我見到他。我現(xiàn)在仍然知道他?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)就像一個(gè)過去和現(xiàn)在的橋梁。
? I’ve had this watch for almost thirty years.
? We’ve lived here since I was a boy.
? She’s been to the cinema three times this week. (unfinished time period)
This week isn’t finished yet – she may go to the cinema again.
本周還沒有結(jié)束——她可能還會(huì)去電影院。
? We’ve already had two holidays this year.
? I’ve eaten too much today.
3 A third use of the present perfect is to show the present result of a past action
3 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的第3個(gè)用法是展示過去行為的現(xiàn)在結(jié)果。
? I’ve lost my keys.
He lost his keys some time in the past but the result – he can’t get into his house – is in the present.
他過去某段時(shí)間丟了鑰匙,但結(jié)果是在現(xiàn)在——他不能進(jìn)入房間。
? John’s broken his leg and he can’t go on holiday.
? A storm has blown down the telephone lines. We’re stuck here!