The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market economy” designation.
美國的經(jīng)濟體制主要是一種私有制。在這一體制下，消費者、生產(chǎn)者和政府通過價格體系，每天都會做出經(jīng)濟決策。這三方的互動行使著經(jīng)濟職能。然而，市場的主要力量是生產(chǎn)者和消費者之間的相互作用，“市場經(jīng)濟”之名也正是由此而來。

As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.
一般來說，消費者追求的是消費后所獲價值的最大化，而生產(chǎn)者則是追求其所售物品的最理想價格和最大利潤。而中央政府、州政府和地方政府則是希望促進公共安全，保證正當(dāng)競爭以及提供各項服務(wù)。人們一般會認為這些服務(wù)由政府執(zhí)行會比由私人企業(yè)執(zhí)行效果好。

Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible.
總體而言，企業(yè)分為三類：個體私營企業(yè)、合資企業(yè)和股份公司。前兩者很重要，但只有最后一種能夠最大程度地將眾多投資人的投資集合起來，進行大規(guī)模融資。而這些投資人作為股東，可以在公開的市場上買賣他們的企業(yè)份額。股份公司制使得大型企業(yè)成為可能。

解析

本次翻譯仍是考查經(jīng)濟類話題。對于此類話題的一些固定詞匯，大家在平時要做好積累。文章第一段論述美國的經(jīng)濟體制。這一段中要注意的是system這一單詞的翻譯。economic system 含義較廣，我們可以將之翻譯為經(jīng)濟體制，而price system則是位于經(jīng)濟體制下的內(nèi)容，因此可以譯為價格體系。

第二段論述經(jīng)濟環(huán)節(jié)中的三方面：生產(chǎn)者、消費者和政府各自的目的。本段需要注意的是一個被動語態(tài)的翻譯: “and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.” 此句由于過長，很難和主句合并為一句話，可以拆分為兩個句子進行翻譯。

第三段將企業(yè)進行分類，并重點論述股份公司這種模式在大規(guī)模融資上的優(yōu)勢。這一段需要注意的是一個定語從句的翻譯: “the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market”.由于很難和主句融為一句，我們也是需要運用拆句法進行翻譯。

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