Peking Opera
京劇
Originally a form of local theatre, Peking Opera spread all over the country and then became the national
opera of China.
京劇本來(lái)是一種地方性的戲劇表演形式,由于它傳遍中國(guó)大江南北,深受群眾歡迎與喜愛(ài),所以就慢慢演變成了代表中國(guó)藝術(shù)特色的全國(guó)性戲劇。
About 200 years ago, the Qing
Emperor Qianlong toured in southern China and developed an interest in the local operas. On his 80th birthday, he let local opera
troupes come to Beijing to perform for him. Some remained in Beijing after the celebration. The ones from Anhui and Hubei were
incorporated with the palace opera -Kunqu Opera, which formed the Peking Opera.
大約在200多年前,清朝的乾隆皇帝在南巡時(shí),對(duì)地方上的戲劇產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。于是,在他80歲生日的時(shí)候,下旨傳召了很多地方上的戲劇表演團(tuán)來(lái)京為他祝壽。部分戲劇表演者在表演結(jié)束后,就留存了北京。這些來(lái)自安徽與湖北的表演家將昆曲與宮庭戲劇相結(jié)合,逐步演變和發(fā)展成了后來(lái)響譽(yù)中國(guó)的“京劇”。
Peking Opera combines
stylized acting with singing, dancing, musical dialogues,
martial arts, colorful facial make-up and artistic costumes.
京劇表演融合了唱、念、作、打等多種藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)形式,輔以五彩繽紛的服裝道具以及化妝。
Female roles are "Dan", male roles are “Sheng”, and clowns are “Chou”. Each role, according to their sex, age and
disposition, is characterized by different designs of facial make-up. So the audience can easily tell what kind of character an actor is performing. Facial make-up, costumes and head - dresses are wonderful works of traditional art.
在京劇中,女性的角色被稱(chēng)做“旦”,男性的角色被稱(chēng)做“生”,小丑被稱(chēng)做“丑”每個(gè)角色都會(huì)依照他們的性別、年齡及個(gè)性,在臉上畫(huà)不同的臉譜。這樣,觀(guān)眾可以很容易地分清這些演員所扮員的角色是什么樣的性格?;瘖y、服飾、行頭—這些都是令人稱(chēng)奇的藝術(shù)品。
In the past, both Dan and Sheng roles were played by male actors, but now they also can be played by female. It is necessary to see Peking Opera while you are in China, just as seeing an opera while in Italy. There are also some other types of opera staged in China, such as Kunqu Opera, Pingju Opera and Hebei Bangzi as well as other operas from different places.
在過(guò)去,京劇中的角色只能由男性扮演,而現(xiàn)在,無(wú)論是男人還是女人,都可以登臺(tái)演出了。當(dāng)你來(lái)到中國(guó)的時(shí)候,一定要去看一場(chǎng)京劇,就像是你到了意大利一定要去聽(tīng)一場(chǎng)歌劇一樣。當(dāng)然,中國(guó)還有很多其它的戲劇,比如說(shuō)“昆曲”、“評(píng)劇”、“河北邦子”等等。