這個題大家都會選擇用climax communities去定位，但在定位過程中會出現(xiàn)很多問題。首先考生要學(xué)會跳躍式定位，即根據(jù)文章中特殊的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號以及最醒目的詞來搜索我們真正需要的關(guān)鍵詞。文中的particular是加了陰影的，succession是在引號里面的，都非常醒目，通過看這兩個詞我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們附近沒有我們需要的東西；再比較突出的就是數(shù)字及破折號，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是單數(shù)，與題干關(guān)鍵詞不完全匹配，細(xì)節(jié)題講究的是精確定位，所以我們應(yīng)該選擇500斜下方的Climax communities，即該段的最后一句話。否定事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的出題思路有兩種：一是無中生有，即根據(jù)定位點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容，四個選項只有一個沒有提到，這種思路多適用于選項比較簡短的題目；二是張冠李戴，即根據(jù)定位點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容表述，只有一個選項與之矛盾，這種思路多適應(yīng)于選項比較長的題目。就這個例題而言，根據(jù)定位的最后一句話，從表述上來說跟它相關(guān)的只有C和D兩個選項，D項的意思與原句相符，而C項與原句矛盾，所以正確答案是C。綜上所述，做新托福閱讀的細(xì)節(jié)題，最重要的一點(diǎn)就是要盡量地去精確定位。

“絆馬索”二：無方向中隱藏方向。

新托福閱讀考試中絕大部分題目都是對應(yīng)具體段落的，這會為考生節(jié)省很多時間。但是也不排除有少量題目的范圍比較大或比較模糊，考生在尋找答案時難免一頭霧水，費(fèi)時費(fèi)力。其實(shí)這些看似沒有明確定位方向的題目都是暗藏玄機(jī)的。下面我們就來看一個例子：

Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.

Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.

Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?

A.They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.

B.They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.

C.Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.

D.Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.

這個題目的題干涉及到三個段落，而事實(shí)上考生根本不需要去看第一段的內(nèi)容，因為答案依據(jù)的是第三、四段的信息，但是這兩個段落如果都看的話內(nèi)容也不少，從應(yīng)試的角度來說太費(fèi)時間。正確的做法應(yīng)該是從選項中挖掘一下方向。A項里大家一般都會選擇有連字符的coal-fired作為關(guān)鍵詞去定位，B項沒有比較顯眼的詞就只能選名詞短語remote areas，C項選1 percent， D項選the United States。選完關(guān)鍵詞我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)除了B項不大好定位以外，其他三個選項的關(guān)鍵詞都很醒目。經(jīng)過定位，A項應(yīng)該去比對第3段的第一句話，意思明顯矛盾；B項不好找，可以暫且跳過；C項和D項的關(guān)鍵詞在這兩段都找不到，這就屬于新托福閱讀中推理題的錯誤答案設(shè)計方法之一 —— 無中生有。所以雖然我們沒有去驗證B項的說法是否正確，但經(jīng)過排除也只能選B了。這樣的做題方法就會省時省力，且答案也是正確的。在考試中，這種情況往往會影響考生的心情，進(jìn)而影響水平的發(fā)揮，但是只要我們了解了ETS出題的套路就能把它們輕松搞定。

考場如戰(zhàn)場，只有知己知彼方能百戰(zhàn)百勝。了解了ETS在設(shè)計題目時所使用的“絆馬索”，我們就可以很好地做到事半功倍。