2010英語專四寫作綜合指導(dǎo)
修辭技巧(上)
修辭,即調(diào)整、修飾文字詞句,是寫作、說話的一門藝術(shù),對(duì)寫作者的語言掌握有較高的要求。
以前有個(gè)童話,國王問公主:“我在你心目中像什么?”公主回答:“敬愛的父王,您在我心目中就像鹽一樣?!眹醪淮笈?,把公主趕出了他的國家。故事的經(jīng)過我忘記了,總之最后,公主用一頓不加鹽的菜肴終于使國王懂得,看似微不足道的鹽,在我們的生活中扮演的卻是多么重要的角色。
修辭就像鹽:用得好,會(huì)使文章有滋有味;一旦缺乏,語言就會(huì)平淡乏味,缺少美感。調(diào)味恰當(dāng),青菜豆腐都是天下美味咯!
常見的修辭手段有如下幾種:
A. 明喻(Simile)
—— Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children. (Henry W. Longfellow)
B. 暗喻(Metaphor)
—— Spring, the sweet Spring, is the years's pleasant king.(Thomas Nash)
C. 擬人(Personification)
—— But the pine is trained to need nothing and endure everything. It is resolvedly whole, self-contained, desiring nothing but rightness, content with restricted completion. (John Ruskin)
D. 夸張(Exaggeration)
—— Hamlet: I love Ophelia, forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum. (Shakespare)
E. 借代(Metonymy)
—— Have you ever read Shakespeare?
A. 明喻(Simile)
Far out in the ocean, where the water is as blue as the prettiest cornflower, and as clear as crystal.
在那遙遠(yuǎn)的海洋,那兒的海水藍(lán)得像最美麗的矢車菊花瓣,清澈得猶如水晶一般。(安徒生《海的女兒》的第一句,好喜歡哦?。?/p>
B. 暗喻(Metaphor)
“But he is not a man-- he is a mushroom!”
“他簡(jiǎn)直不象是個(gè)人,他是個(gè)蘑菇?!保ㄊサ驴诵褙惱铩缎⊥踝印罚?/p>
C. 擬人(Personification)
The white moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. 明月聽著歌聲,竟然忘記了黎明,只顧在天空中徘徊。(王爾德《夜鶯與玫瑰》,非常悲傷及諷刺的一部童話。)
D. 夸張(Exaggeration)
He thought two of his ribs might already have cracked from trying not to laugh.
他因?yàn)橐镒〔恍σ呀?jīng)憋到兩根脅骨都快斷掉了(J·K·羅琳《哈利波特與神秘的魔法石》)
E. 借代(Metonymy)
You can come in, but your filter-tipped little buddy has to stay outside!
你可以進(jìn)來,不過你那個(gè)帶過濾嘴的小伙伴得待外面。(《老友記》第一季第3集;終于想到一句不是童話故事里的了。“帶過濾嘴的小伙伴”當(dāng)然指代又犯煙癮的錢德嘴上叼著的香煙咯。)
修辭技巧(下)
修辭,即調(diào)整、修飾文字詞句,是寫作、說話的一門藝術(shù),對(duì)寫作者的語言掌握有較高的要求。
以前有個(gè)童話,國王問公主:“我在你心目中像什么?”公主回答:“敬愛的父王,您在我心目中就像鹽一樣?!眹醪淮笈压髭s出了他的國家。故事的經(jīng)過我忘記了,總之最后,公主用一頓不加鹽的菜肴終于使國王懂得,看似微不足道的鹽,在我們的生活中扮演的卻是多么重要的角色。
修辭就像鹽:用得好,會(huì)使文章有滋有味;一旦缺乏,語言就會(huì)平淡乏味,缺少美感。調(diào)味恰當(dāng),青菜豆腐都是天下美味咯!
上次介紹了幾種常見的修辭手段,還有如下幾種:
F. 排比(Parallelism)
—— …the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by
the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.(Martin Luther
King)
G. 倒裝(Anastrophe)
—— Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon
cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.)
H. 反復(fù)(Reiteration)
—— And she forgot the stars, the moon, and the
sun,
And she forgot the blue above the trees,
And she forgot the dells
where waters run,
And she forgot the chilly autumn breeze…(J. Keeds)
I. 反問(Rhetorical Question)
—— What is student life like on “The Farm”?
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