(一)寫作題的性質(zhì)

寫作是人們表達思想的一種重要手段，我們稱之為 comprehensive test的綜合測試，體現(xiàn)的是學生綜合運用語言的能力。因為它不僅考核考生對詞匯的掌握、對語法的應用 ，同時也考查了學生的表達能力、思維的邏輯性和條理性。我們知道，學習英語需掌握四種技能：聽、說、讀、寫。聽和讀是語言的input(輸入)過程，因而對于聽力和閱讀的測試是考查學習者的被動英文技能；說和寫是語言的output(輸出)過程，對于口語和寫作的測試則是考查學習者的主動英文技能。學習者的被動英文水平往往高于主動英文水平，因此聽力理解材料的難度往往大于口語的內(nèi)容，閱讀理解材料的難度往往要大于寫作。由此可見，在經(jīng) 過兩年基礎專業(yè)課的學習后，學習者應該將重點放在把被動英文水平轉(zhuǎn)化成主動英文水平上 。一旦我們的大腦有了大量的語言輸出之后，就能達到出口成章、下筆有神的境界。

(二)英語專業(yè)四級寫作要求

(1)能根據(jù)各種不同的聽讀材料筆頭回答問題，復述內(nèi)容寫摘要、寫提綱和記筆記。

(2)能根據(jù)題目列出寫作提綱，在一小時內(nèi)寫出200～250詞的短文。

以上均要求做到內(nèi)容完整、條理清楚，語法基本正確，語言通順恰當。

(3)能寫一般的書信、通知、便條、請?zhí)?，填寫簡單的表格，格式正確，語言得體。

寫作課培養(yǎng)學生初步寫作能力，包括提綱、文章摘要、短文以及最簡單的常用應用文。

(三)考試大綱對英語專業(yè)寫作的要求和規(guī)定

(1)測試目的：按照英語專業(yè)基礎階段英語教學大綱的要求，檢查學生在基礎階 段末期的英語寫作能力。

(2)題型：主觀試題，分為 Section A和Section B兩個部分。

Section A: Composition寫作文

Section B: Note-writing寫便條

(3)測試要求：

a)作文。要求根據(jù)所給的題目和列出的寫作提綱或圖表、數(shù)字統(tǒng)計表等(也附有寫作提綱) 寫一篇150詞的短文，能做到內(nèi)容切題、完整，條理清楚，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，語法正確，語言 通順恰當。作文的類別有說明文、議論文或記敘文?？荚嚂r間為35分鐘。

b)便條。要求根據(jù)提示寫大約50～60詞的便條、通知、請?zhí)?。要求做到格式正確，語言 得體?？荚嚂r間為10分鐘。

(四)英語專業(yè)四級寫作的評分標準

1.作文的評分標準

(1)文章內(nèi)容切題、豐富，文章通順，表達清楚。

(2)行文流暢。

(3)組織嚴密，邏輯性強。

(4)句型多樣化，句法結(jié)構(gòu)正確。

(5)用詞得體、恰當、豐富。

(6)語法正確。

(7)拼寫及標點正確，書寫整潔。

2.Samples：

Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?

In recent years, tourism has developed rapidly in China. Many people believe that tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and we should try our best to promote tourism. But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment. As for me, I’m firmly convinced that too much tourists bring harm to the environment.

The bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expressed itself in various ways. One way is the process of exploiting a new scenic spot. In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment. This process usually breaks the ecological balance of the area. In some mountainous places, trees are being cut down to build hotels for others to see and explore the beauty of the mountains. Then land slides and mud-rock flows come up. Another way the development of tourism has damaged the environment occurs when tourists go to scenic spots. Some tourists don’t have the awareness to protect the environment, and ignorantly throw their garbage here and there. Some people even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damages the balance of the natural environment.

It is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too much tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing to a minimum the pollution they cause.